{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T12:27:57Z","timestamp":1776083277195,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objective: To develop a model for human performance in combined translational and rotational movements based on Fitts\u2019 law. Background: Fitts\u2019 law has been successfully applied to translational movements in the past, providing generalization beyond a specific task as well as performance predictions. For movements involving both translations and rotations, no equivalent theory exists, making comparisons of input devices for these movements more ambiguous. Method: The study consisted of three experiments. In the first two, participants performed either pure translational or pure rotational movements of 1 degree of freedom. The third experiment involved the same movements combined. Results: On average, the performance times for combined movements were equal to the sum of the times for equivalent separate rotational and translational movements. A simple Fitts\u2019 law equivalent for combined movements with a similar slope as the separate components was proposed. In addition, a significant degree of coordination of the combined movements was found. This had a strong bias toward a parallel execution in 12 out of 13 participants. Conclusion: Combined movements with rotations and translations of 1 degree of freedom can be approximated using a simple Fitts\u2019 law equivalent. The rotational and translational components appear to be coordinated by the central nervous system to generate a parallel execution. Application: The results may help drive human interface designs and provide insights into the coordination of combined movements. Future extensions may be possible for the movements of higher degrees of freedom used in robot teleoperation and virtual reality applications. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720810366560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]],"date-time":"2010-06-29T17:23:45Z","timestamp":1277832225000},"page":"63-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Assessment of Fitts\u2019 Law for Quantifying Combined Rotational and Translational Movements"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Martin F.","family":"Stoelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Akin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2006.0123"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"3D user interfaces: Theory and practice","author":"Bowman, D.A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140137808931762"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-28637-0_13"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14640748308402133"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/6\/5\/056002"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0055392"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138808966724"},{"issue":"6","key":"atypb9","first-page":"447","volume":"2004","author":"Grossman, T.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of Computer-Human Interaction"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193128603000905"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs): Part 9. Requirements for non-keyboard input devices (Reference No. ISO 9241-9:2000[E])","author":"International Organisation for Standardisation.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1984.246.6.R1000"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140136708930874"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","author":"Kondraske, G.V."},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1989.10735486"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci0701_3"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"MacKenzie, I.S."},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"263","author":"McKinnon, M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Teleoperation and Control"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.95.3.340"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"Characterization of end-to-end delays in head-mounted display systems (Tech. Rep. TR93-001)","author":"Mine, M.R.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st Annual Meeting","author":"O\u2019Hara, J.M."},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2004.09.001"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.015"},{"key":"atypb24","first-page":"1240","volume":"2","author":"Yang, N.F.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2004.09.006"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Zhai, S."}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720810366560","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720810366560","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:34:16Z","timestamp":1741048456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720810366560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720810366560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720810366560","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}}}