{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:20:45Z","timestamp":1780467645525,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,16]],"date-time":"2012-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term efficacy of an ergonomics program that included patient-handling devices in six long-term care facilities (LTC) and one chronic care hospital (CCH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient handling is recognized as a major source of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among nursing personnel, and several studies have demonstrated effectiveness of patient-handling devices in reducing those MSDs. However, most studies have been conducted in a single facility, for a short period, and\/or without a comprehensive ergonomics program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient-handling devices along with a comprehensive ergonomics program was implemented in six LTC facilities and one CCH. Pre- and post-intervention injury data were collected for 38.9 months (range = 29 to 54 months) and 51.2 months (range = 36 to 60 months), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Postintervention patient-handling injuries decreased by 59.8% (rate ratio [RR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.28, 0.49],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), lost workdays by 86.7% (RR = 0.16, 95% CI [0.13, 0.18],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), modified-duty days by 78.8% (RR = 0.25, 95% CI [0.22, 0.28],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), and workers\u2019 compensation costs by 90.6% (RR = 0.12, 95% CI [0.09, 0.15],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Perceived stresses to low back and shoulders among nursing staff were fairly low. A vast majority of patients found the devices comfortable and safe. Longer transfer times with the use of devices was not an issue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementation of patient-handling devices along with a comprehensive program can be effective in reducing MSDs among nursing personnel. Strategies to expand usage of patient-handling devices in most health care settings should be explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720812438614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,17]],"date-time":"2012-03-17T02:06:24Z","timestamp":1331949984000},"page":"608-625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Long-Term Efficacy of an Ergonomics Program That Includes Patient-Handling Devices on Reducing Musculoskeletal Injuries to Nursing Personnel"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Arun","family":"Garg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay M.","family":"Kapellusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7489(87)90026-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1202\/0002-8894(2001)062<0508:RIOLBI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","volume-title":"Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses requiring days away from work, 2006: News","author":"Bureau of Labor Statistics","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics. 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