{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:02:10Z","timestamp":1787018530425,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]],"date-time":"2012-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify the effect of handhold size (diameter) on the maximum breakaway strength between a hand and handhold for children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Falls from playground equipment are a major cause of childhood injury and death. It is unclear if recommendations for handholds on playground equipment are too broad.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breakaway strength was defined as the maximum quasistatic force that can be exerted on a grasped object before the object is forcibly pulled from the grasp. Hand anthropometry, grip, and breakaway strengths were measured for 397 children between the ages of 6 and 11 years. Three cylindrical handhold diameters were tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breakaway strength was significantly affected by handhold size, gender, and hand dominance. Significant covariate predictors for breakaway strength included grip strength, age, and hand breadth. Breakaway strength was reduced for the largest diameter (3.81 cm) for children of all ages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Handhold design factors significantly affect the breakaway strength of children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results can be used as a basis for design recommendations for hand rungs used by children to reliably support their bodyweight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720812465770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,28]],"date-time":"2012-11-28T20:35:46Z","timestamp":1354134946000},"page":"545-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Maximum Hand-Rung Coupling Forces in Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin G.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryl","family":"Ulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Woolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Galecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Ashton-Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720812465770","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2011). HCUP summary statistics report: KID 2009 core file. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/db\/nation\/kid\/kidsummarystats.jsp"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720812465770","volume-title":"The injury fact book 2002","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720812465770","volume-title":"Public playground safety handbook","author":"Consumer Product Safety Commission","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720812465770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-78522011000200006"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720812465770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872087101300204"},{"key":"bibr6-0018720812465770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2002.tb03290.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0018720812465770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529876"},{"key":"bibr8-0018720812465770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0881-z"},{"key":"bibr9-0018720812465770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00469"},{"key":"bibr10-0018720812465770","unstructured":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2005). WISQARSTM Web-based injury statistics query and reporting system. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncipc\/wisqars\/"},{"key":"bibr11-0018720812465770","volume-title":"CDC injury research agenda","author":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr12-0018720812465770","unstructured":"National Recreation and Park Association. (2005). The dirty dozen. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nrpa.org\/Professional-Development\/Certification\/CPSI\/The-Dirty-Dozen\/"},{"key":"bibr13-0018720812465770","volume-title":"Injuries and investigated deaths associated with playground equipment, 2001\u20132008","author":"O\u2019Brein C. W.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr14-0018720812465770","unstructured":"Rajulu S. L., Klute G. K. (1993). A comparison of hand grasp breakaway strengths and bare-handed grip strengths of the astronauts, sml iii test subjects, and the subjects from the general population (NASA Technical Paper 3286). Retrieved from NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) website: http:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/"},{"key":"bibr15-0018720812465770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200204000-00017"},{"key":"bibr16-0018720812465770","volume-title":"Special study: Injuries and deaths associated with children\u2019s playground equipment","author":"Tinsworth D.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr17-0018720812465770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-009-1010-4"},{"key":"bibr18-0018720812465770","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2011). Obesity and overweight fact sheet. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs311\/en\/index.html"},{"key":"bibr19-0018720812465770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720809355969"},{"key":"bibr20-0018720812465770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720811433585"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720812465770","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0018720812465770","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720812465770","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:50:13Z","timestamp":1777449013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720812465770"}},"subtitle":["The Effects of Handhold Diameter"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720812465770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720812465770","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]}}}