{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:49:05Z","timestamp":1777668545761,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,10]],"date-time":"2013-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365552000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of font size, interline spacing, and a technology called ReadingMate on the letter-counting task performance of users running on a treadmill.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Few researchers have investigated how runners read text while running on a treadmill. Our previous studies showed that ReadingMate had positive effects on the reading-while-running experience; however, the effect of other text conditions (i.e., font size and interline spacing) and the interplay between ReadingMate and such text conditions on the letter-counting task performance are not clearly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen participants were recruited for the experiment. There were three main factors: display types (normal and ReadingMate), font sizes (8, 12, 16, and 20 point), and interline spacing (1.0\u00d7, 1.5\u00d7, 2.0\u00d7, and 2.5\u00d7). The researchers employed a letter-counting task. The performance was measured regarding task performance time, success rate of counting the target letter f, and number of give-ups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the letter-counting task performance while running on a treadmill improved as font size and interline spacing increased, as expected. ReadingMate was more effective than normal display particularly when text was displayed in a small font size and with dense interline spacing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When text must be displayed in a small font size and with dense interline spacing, ReadingMate can be used to improve the users\u2019 task performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Practical applications of ReadingMate include improving the text-reading experience in shaky environments, such as in aviation, construction, and transportation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720813485089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,10]],"date-time":"2013-04-10T23:48:20Z","timestamp":1365637700000},"page":"1101-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["ReadingMate"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Bum chul","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Soo","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720813485089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2007.10.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr2-0018720813485089","volume":"4","author":"Bernard M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Usability News"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720813485089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/634067.634173"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720813485089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5819(03)00121-6"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720813485089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00072-8"},{"key":"bibr6-0018720813485089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11555261_23"},{"key":"bibr7-0018720813485089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-011-9175-1"},{"key":"bibr8-0018720813485089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03198459"},{"key":"bibr9-0018720813485089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.46.3.385.50404"},{"key":"bibr10-0018720813485089","volume-title":"ReadingMate: A head tracking-based content stabilization technique to help runners read text while running on a treadmill","author":"Kwon B. 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