{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:49:26Z","timestamp":1777668566069,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]],"date-time":"2013-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to develop alternative Strain Index risk classification categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strain Index scores are usually categorized into four Strain Index \u201crisk categories.\u201d The \u201coriginal\u201d risk categories were developed in the meat-packing industry and may not be fully applicable to other industries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Daily Strain Index scores were estimated among 276 manufacturing workers participating in a cohort study of occupational risk factors for hand\u2013arm musculoskeletal symptoms. Each score was categorized using the original method and a new method based on quartiles of Strain Index score values among symptomatic participants. Models examining associations between original Strain Index risk categories and incident hand\u2013arm symptoms were compared to models examining associations between the alternative Strain Index risk categories and incident hand\u2013arm symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to the respective referent categories, a twofold or greater increase in the risk of incident hand\u2013arm symptoms was observed for the highest original Strain Index risk category (HR = 2.06, 95% CI = [1.08\u20133.92]) and for the second highest alternate Strain Index risk exposure category (HR = 2.21, 95% CI = [1.26\u20133.85]). Although significant associations between Strain Index risk category and incident hand\u2013arm symptoms were observed for both Strain Index categorization methods, model fit statistics favored the alternate approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results from this study suggests that the Strain Index risk category structure may need to be tailored to specific populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>If verified, results from this study provide a better way to identify hazardous manufacturing jobs and target them for exposure reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720813492548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]],"date-time":"2013-06-14T21:28:44Z","timestamp":1371245324000},"page":"131-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of Alternate Category Structures for the Strain Index"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Alysha R.","family":"Meyers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}]},{"given":"Fredric","family":"Gerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nathan B.","family":"Fethke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","volume-title":"Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle","author":"Akaike H.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Akaike H. 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Assessment of ergonomic risk in trim-saw operators, a repetitive mono-task sawmill position. Paper presented at IEA2006: 16th World Congress on Ergonomics, Maastricht, the Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym291"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118032985"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","volume-title":"Job Content Questionnaire and users guide","author":"Karasek R. A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Karasek R. A. (1985). Job Content Questionnaire and users guide. Los Angeles: University of Southern California, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","volume-title":"Healthy work: Stress, productivity and the reconstruction of working life","author":"Karasek R. A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Karasek R. A., Theorell T. (1990). Healthy work: Stress, productivity and the reconstruction of working life. 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