{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:50:52Z","timestamp":1777668652928,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study contributes to human reliability analysis (HRA) by proposing a method that focuses more on human error causality within a sociotechnical system, illustrating its rationality and feasibility by using a case of the Minuteman (MM) III missile accident.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Due to the complexity and dynamics within a sociotechnical system, previous analyses of accidents involving human and organizational factors clearly demonstrated that the methods using a sequential accident model are inadequate to analyze human error within a sociotechnical system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>System-theoretic accident model and processes (STAMP) was used to develop a universal framework of human error causal analysis. To elaborate the causal relationships and demonstrate the dynamics of human error, system dynamics (SD) modeling was conducted based on the framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 41 contributing factors, categorized into four types of human error, were identified through the STAMP-based analysis. All factors are related to a broad view of sociotechnical systems, and more comprehensive than the causation presented in the accident investigation report issued officially. Recommendations regarding both technical and managerial improvement for a lower risk of the accident are proposed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The interests of an interdisciplinary approach provide complementary support between system safety and human factors. The integrated method based on STAMP and SD model contributes to HRA effectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed method will be beneficial to HRA, risk assessment, and control of the MM III operating process, as well as other sociotechnical systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720814551555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T23:23:54Z","timestamp":1412378634000},"page":"375-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["STAMP-Based HRA Considering Causality Within a Sociotechnical System"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Rong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193121005401707"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120905302010"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120805201108"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120905302009"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2935-8"},{"key":"bibr6-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2009.09.006"},{"key":"bibr7-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.07.061"},{"key":"bibr8-0018720814551555","unstructured":"Explore the US ICBM Network. (n.d.). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.captainswoop.com\/icbm\/"},{"key":"bibr9-0018720814551555","volume-title":"The SPAR-H human reliability analysis method","author":"Gertman D.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr10-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2010.00959.x"},{"key":"bibr11-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.010"},{"key":"bibr12-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2011.06.005"},{"key":"bibr13-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1748006X11428107"},{"key":"bibr14-0018720814551555","volume-title":"Engineering a safer world: Systems thinking applied to safety","author":"Leveson N.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr15-0018720814551555","volume-title":"The US nuclear war plan: A time for change","author":"McKinzie M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr16-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2008.11.006"},{"key":"bibr17-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872007X312450"},{"key":"bibr18-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2010.01.002"},{"key":"bibr19-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720809343588"},{"key":"bibr20-0018720814551555","first-page":"110","volume":"27","author":"Reason J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Engineering"},{"key":"bibr21-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sdr.4260110106"},{"key":"bibr22-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872008X250773"},{"key":"bibr23-0018720814551555","volume-title":"Business dynamics","author":"Sterman J.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr24-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720810362238"},{"key":"bibr25-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2010.01536.x"},{"key":"bibr26-0018720814551555","unstructured":"U.S. Department of the Air Force. (2006). Safety rules for long-term storage and maintenance operations for nuclear weapons (AFI 91-116). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bits.de\/NRANEU\/others\/END-Archive\/AFI91-116(11).pdf."},{"key":"bibr27-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181312561422"},{"key":"bibr28-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(00)00098-3"},{"key":"bibr29-0018720814551555","unstructured":"Walker R. M. (2008). United States Air Force missile accident investigation board report on Minuteman III launch facility A06 fire mishap (Conducted IAW Air Force Instruction 51-503). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.airforce-magazine.com\/SiteCollectionDocuments\/Reports\/2008\/November\/Day03\/AFSPC_AIB_MMIII_LF.pdf"},{"key":"bibr30-0018720814551555","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HFPP.1988.27540"},{"key":"bibr31-0018720814551555","first-page":"479","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2009 International Symposium on Aircraft Airworthiness","author":"Zhang H.","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720814551555","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0018720814551555","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720814551555","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:50:46Z","timestamp":1777449046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720814551555"}},"subtitle":["A Case of Minuteman III Missile Accident"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720814551555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720814551555","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]}}}