{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:50:54Z","timestamp":1777668654076,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We attempted to understand the latent structure underlying the systems pilots use to operate in situations involving human-automation interaction (HAI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HAI is an important characteristic of many modern work situations. Of course, the cognitive subsystems are not immediately apparent by observing a functioning system, but correlations between variables may reveal important relations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current report examined pilot judgments of 11 HAI dimensions (e.g., Workload, Task Management, Stress\/Nervousness, Monitoring Automation, and Cross-Checking Automation) across 48 scenarios that required airline pilots to interact with automation on the flight deck.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found three major clusters of the dimensions identifying subsystems on the flight deck: a workload subsystem, a management subsystem, and an awareness subsystem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relationships characterized by simple correlations cohered in ways that suggested underlying subsystems consistent with those that had previously been theorized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the relationship among dimensions affecting HAI is an important aspect in determining how a new piece of automation designed to affect one dimension will affect other dimensions as well.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720814552296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T23:47:01Z","timestamp":1411775221000},"page":"397-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring Relationships of Human-Automation Interaction Consequences on Pilots"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Francis T.","family":"Durso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Stearman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen L.","family":"Mosier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vlad L.","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Feigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720814552296","volume-title":"Human-centered aviation automation: Principles and guidelines","author":"Billings C. E.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720814552296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0604_1"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720814552296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap1504_2"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720814552296","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology","author":"Dismukes K.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720814552296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374518-7.00008-0"},{"key":"bibr6-0018720814552296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0104_2"},{"key":"bibr7-0018720814552296","volume-title":"Automation in the cockpit: Toward a human-automation relationship taxonomy","author":"HART Group","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr8-0018720814552296","volume-title":"Human automation interaction taxonomy: A feasibility study of a neural network to map cockpit HAI consequences","author":"HART Group","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr9-0018720814552296","volume-title":"Thinking in systems","author":"Meadows D.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr10-0018720814552296","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"Mosier K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making"},{"key":"bibr11-0018720814552296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/155534308X284417"},{"key":"bibr12-0018720814552296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheridan T. B., Parasuraman R. (2006). Human-automation interaction. Review of human factors and ergonomics (Vol. 1, pp. 89\u2013129). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.","DOI":"10.1518\/155723405783703082"},{"key":"bibr13-0018720814552296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2012.12.005"},{"key":"bibr14-0018720814552296","first-page":"239","volume-title":"Principles and practice of aviation psychology","author":"Wickens C. D.","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720814552296","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0018720814552296","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720814552296","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:50:46Z","timestamp":1777449046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720814552296"}},"subtitle":["Uncovering Subsystems"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720814552296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720814552296","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]}}}