{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T05:34:03Z","timestamp":1770269643713,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,18]],"date-time":"2014-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418860800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The objective was to examine naturalistic usage of infotainment systems to assess use characteristics and patterns. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Infotainment systems continue to evolve in terms of their capabilities and information availability, raising concerns about their distraction potential. Assessing potential distraction requires understanding how challenging different tasks are and how frequently they occur during driving. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p> High-end infotainment system use was observed across 17 participants over a period of approximately 4 weeks each. One of two different infotainment systems was provided to participants. Audio, video, and driving performance data were collected and observed by trained reductionists. The two infotainment systems integrated iPod\u2122, satellite radio, CD\/DVD\/MP3 playback, AM\/FM, and, in one case, navigation functionalities. Systems differed in their vehicle integration and advanced infotainment features offered. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The median participant interacted with the infotainment systems once every 4 hr (90th percentile: 6.1 interactions\/hr). More than 50% of these interactions involved adjusting the volume. Although there were a few lengthy interactions, the median duration was 2.2 s (90th percentile: 24.6 s), which required measurable visual involvement when compared to a matched baseline. The median total eyes-off-road time across interactions was 1 s (90th percentile: 11.4 s) and differed significantly across type of system interaction. Longer interactions tended to occur when the vehicle was stationary. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Drivers habitually interact with infotainment systems while driving; this includes advanced functions. Some self-regulation was observed. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title><jats:p> These data provide a comparison basis for use in examining driver interactions with future infotainment systems. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720814564184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T10:35:26Z","timestamp":1418985326000},"page":"674-688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessment of Naturalistic Use Patterns of Advanced Infotainment Systems"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia"}]},{"given":"Linda S.","family":"Angell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Hankey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720814564184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e729342011-001"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720814564184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129804201707"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720814564184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e624282011-001"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720814564184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2321-01"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720814564184","volume-title":"The impact of driver inattention on near-crash\/crash risk: An analysis using the 100-car naturalistic driving study data","author":"Klauer S. G.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr6-0018720814564184","volume-title":"An analysis of driver inattention using a case-crossover approach on 100-car data: Final report","author":"Klauer S. G.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr7-0018720814564184","volume-title":"Visual-manual NHTSA driver distraction guidelines for in-vehicle electronic devices","author":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr8-0018720814564184","volume-title":"Hidden functionality: How an advanced car radio is really used","author":"Nes F. L. V.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr9-0018720814564184","volume-title":"Paper presented at the SAE 2007 World Congress","author":"Neurauter M. L.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr10-0018720814564184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e364102004-001"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720814564184","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0018720814564184","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720814564184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:07:13Z","timestamp":1740787633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720814564184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,18]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720814564184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720814564184","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,18]]}}}