{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:51:39Z","timestamp":1777668699301,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,7]],"date-time":"2015-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined magnitude preference, subjective discomfort, and spine posture during prolonged simulated driving with a self-selected amount of lumbar support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The general use of lumbar supports has been associated with decreased reports of low-back pain during driving exposures; however, minimal data exist regarding occupant magnitude preference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants chose between five discrete levels of lumbar support (0\u20134 cm). Time-varying postural and discomfort responses were then monitored throughout 2 hr of simulated driving.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were no significant effects of gender or time on posture. Women preferred larger amounts of support than men (3.25 cm \u00b1 0.71 and 2.56 cm \u00b1 0.88, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .048). All participants exhibited significant increases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .003) in pelvic discomfort throughout the 2-hr trial regardless of the level of support chosen. Discomfort related to various aspects of the lumbar support increased significantly over time. Retrospectively, no participants desired a setting beyond 4 cm, and the majority of respondents indicate had they been able to change their initial selection, they would choose a setting between 2 and 3 cm.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that occupants would prefer increasing the excursion capability of automobile lumbar supports beyond 2 cm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excursion capability and adjustability of automobile lumbar supports are important features to better meet end-user preference and to reducing lumbar flexion in sitting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815584866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,7]],"date-time":"2015-05-07T23:11:58Z","timestamp":1431040318000},"page":"976-987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Spine Posture and Discomfort During Prolonged Simulated Driving With Self-Selected Lumbar Support Prominence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Diana E.","family":"De Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"}]},{"given":"Jack P.","family":"Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(94)90052-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Characteristics of back pain among commercial drivers and motorcyclists in Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"27","author":"Akinbo S. 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