{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:52:38Z","timestamp":1777668758452,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this article is to evaluate the impact of the Revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Lifting Equation (RNLE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RNLE has been used extensively as a risk assessment method for prevention of low back pain (LBP). However, the impact of the RNLE has not been documented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of the literature on the RNLE was conducted. The review consisted of three parts: characterization of the RNLE publications, assessment of the impact of the RNLE, and evaluation of the influences of the RNLE on ergonomic standards. The literature for assessing the impact was categorized into four research areas: methodology, laboratory, field, and risk assessment studies using the Lifting Index (LI) or Composite LI (CLI), both of which are the products of the RNLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impact of the RNLE has been both widespread and influential. We found 24 studies that examined the criteria used to define lifting capacity used by the RNLE, 28 studies that compared risk assessment methods for identifying LBP, 23 studies that found the RNLE useful in identifying the risk of LBP with different work populations, and 13 studies on the relationship between LI\/CLI and LBP outcomes. We also found evidence on the adoption of the RNLE as an ergonomic standard for use by various local, state, and international entities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review found 13 studies that link LI\/CLI to adverse LBP outcomes. These studies showed a positive relationship between LI\/CLI metrics and the severity of LBP outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815623894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T23:49:35Z","timestamp":1454024975000},"page":"667-682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Evaluation of the Impact of the Revised National Institute for                     Occupational Safety and Health Lifting Equation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ming-Lun","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vern","family":"Putz-Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"}]},{"given":"Kermit G.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati, Ohio"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220500076421"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c8c84e"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720815623894","volume-title":"TLV and BEL book: Threshold limit values for lifting","author":"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2011-1189"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720815623894","volume-title":"Automotive Industrial Action Group (AIAG) ergonomics guidelines for small lot delivery systems","author":"Automotive Industrial Action Group","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr6-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJISE.2009.021683"},{"key":"bibr7-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2012-1000-5993"},{"key":"bibr8-0018720815623894","volume-title":"EN-1005-2. Safety of machinery-Human physical performance-Part 2: Manual handling of mahinery and component parts of machinery","author":"CEN: European Committee for Standardization","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr9-0018720815623894","first-page":"194","volume":"24","author":"Chen J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"bibr10-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(99)00041-4"},{"key":"bibr11-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(97)00032-2"},{"key":"bibr12-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620903249695"},{"key":"bibr13-0018720815623894","volume-title":"Manaul lifting: A guide to the study of simple and complex lifting tasks","author":"Colombini D.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr14-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqi082"},{"key":"bibr15-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401398186450"},{"key":"bibr16-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.04.010"},{"key":"bibr17-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130210159977"},{"key":"bibr18-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(02)00104-X"},{"key":"bibr19-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(00)00026-0"},{"key":"bibr20-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(97)00057-7"},{"key":"bibr21-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2005.01.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr22-0018720815623894","first-page":"109","volume":"12","author":"Dormohammadi A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Health Sciences"},{"key":"bibr23-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2002.11076527"},{"key":"bibr24-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/216507999504300408"},{"key":"bibr25-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720813486669"},{"key":"bibr26-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720813491284"},{"key":"bibr27-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2010-1075"},{"key":"bibr28-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(95)00057-7"},{"key":"bibr29-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130512331332928"},{"key":"bibr30-0018720815623894","volume-title":"Manual lifting during work","author":"Health Council of the Netherlands","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr31-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925279"},{"key":"bibr32-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401397187748"},{"key":"bibr33-0018720815623894","volume-title":"ISO 11228-1. Ergonomics-manual handling-lifting and carrying","author":"International Standard Organization","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr34-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-1996-6307"},{"key":"bibr35-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(98)00049-3"},{"key":"bibr36-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2005.03.002"},{"key":"bibr37-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000197"},{"key":"bibr38-0018720815623894","volume-title":"Handbook of standards and guidelines in ergonomics and human factors","author":"Karwowski W.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr39-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139608964561"},{"key":"bibr40-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113113"},{"key":"bibr41-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2009.11076793"},{"key":"bibr42-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20676"},{"key":"bibr43-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620701873514"},{"key":"bibr44-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-4374-26-16"},{"key":"bibr45-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-005-9010-3"},{"key":"bibr46-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/OER-130204"},{"key":"bibr47-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(02)00174-9"},{"key":"bibr48-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130802480802"},{"key":"bibr49-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199907150-00009"},{"key":"bibr50-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.43.337"},{"key":"bibr51-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(96)00054-3"},{"key":"bibr52-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.44.604"},{"key":"bibr53-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720813513608"},{"key":"bibr54-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220903490740"},{"key":"bibr55-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050153"},{"key":"bibr56-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2006.08.004"},{"key":"bibr57-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130310001611116"},{"key":"bibr58-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00028899908984501"},{"key":"bibr59-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401399185919"},{"key":"bibr60-0018720815623894","first-page":"238","volume":"33","author":"Maso S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia"},{"key":"bibr61-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872000779656525"},{"key":"bibr62-0018720815623894","unstructured":"Monnington S. C., Pinder A. D., Quarrie C. (2002). Development of an inspection tool                         for manual handling risk assessment (Report No. HSL\/2002\/30).                     Retrieved from Health and Safety Executive website: http:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk\/research\/hsl_pdf\/2002\/hsl02-30.pdf"},{"key":"bibr63-0018720815623894","volume-title":"Work practices guide for manual lifting","author":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr64-0018720815623894","volume-title":"Ergonomic guidelines for manual material handling","author":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr65-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401398186315"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr66-0018720815623894","first-page":"174","volume":"102","author":"Occhipinti E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"La Medicina del Lavoro"},{"key":"bibr67-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2008.07.007"},{"key":"bibr68-0018720815623894","unstructured":"Pinder A., Frost G. A.(2011). Prospective evaluation of the 1991                         NIOSH lifting equation (Research Report No. RR901). Retrieved from                     Health and Safety Executive website: http:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk\/research\/rrpdf\/rr901.pdf."},{"key":"bibr69-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2012-0215-592"},{"key":"bibr70-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2005.12.003"},{"key":"bibr71-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050154"},{"key":"bibr72-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401397187847"},{"key":"bibr73-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2013.07.003"},{"key":"bibr74-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401397187946"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr75-0018720815623894","first-page":"347","volume":"36","author":"Ranavolo A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia"},{"key":"bibr76-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.05.010"},{"key":"bibr77-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(03)00024-6"},{"key":"bibr78-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1047322X.1997.10389500"},{"key":"bibr79-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2003.11076568"},{"key":"bibr80-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17410381211267754"},{"key":"bibr81-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139108964855"},{"key":"bibr82-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-4374-26-15"},{"key":"bibr83-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199508040-00002"},{"key":"bibr84-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15428119591016359"},{"key":"bibr85-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2012-0486-2487"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr86-0018720815623894","first-page":"26","volume":"50","author":"Townley A. C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Professional Safety"},{"key":"bibr87-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2004.10.012"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr88-0018720815623894","first-page":"7","volume":"18","author":"Vink P.","year":"1993","journal-title":"De Nieuwe NIOSH-Methode (II)"},{"key":"bibr89-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872098779591377"},{"key":"bibr90-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aorn.2010.09.033"},{"key":"bibr91-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(98)00015-5"},{"key":"bibr92-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199902150-00019"},{"key":"bibr93-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130701674364"},{"key":"bibr94-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e31822cfe5e"},{"key":"bibr95-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14639221003639921"},{"key":"bibr96-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720813502223"},{"key":"bibr97-0018720815623894","volume-title":"Scientific support documentation for the revised 1991 NIOSH lifting equation (PB91-226274)","author":"Waters T. R.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr98-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15428119891011045"},{"key":"bibr99-0018720815623894","volume-title":"Application manual for the revised NIOSH lifting equation","author":"Waters T. R.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr100-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139308967940"},{"key":"bibr101-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(03)00010-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr102-0018720815623894","first-page":"341","volume":"46","author":"Xiao G. B.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr103-0018720815623894","first-page":"81","volume":"22","author":"Xiao G. B.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr104-0018720815623894","first-page":"341","volume":"26","author":"Xiao G. B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"bibr105-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-131805"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr106-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3233\/OER-2006-6102","volume":"6","author":"Yeung S. S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Occupational Ergonomics"},{"key":"bibr107-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0014013031000066492"},{"key":"bibr108-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-003-0448-3"},{"key":"bibr109-0018720815623894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(02)00023-6"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720815623894","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0018720815623894","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720815623894","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:51:04Z","timestamp":1777449064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720815623894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720815623894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720815623894","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]}}}