{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T14:47:32Z","timestamp":1778770052828,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,3]],"date-time":"2016-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The feasibility of measuring drivers\u2019 automation trust via gaze behavior during highly automated driving was assessed with eye tracking and validated with self-reported automation trust in a driving simulator study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Earlier research from other domains indicates that drivers\u2019 automation trust might be inferred from gaze behavior, such as monitoring frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The gaze behavior and self-reported automation trust of 35 participants attending to a visually demanding non-driving-related task (NDRT) during highly automated driving was evaluated. The relationship between dispositional, situational, and learned automation trust with gaze behavior was compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, there was a consistent relationship between drivers\u2019 automation trust and gaze behavior. Participants reporting higher automation trust tended to monitor the automation less frequently. Further analyses revealed that higher automation trust was associated with lower monitoring frequency of the automation during NDRTs, and an increase in trust over the experimental session was connected with a decrease in monitoring frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We suggest that (a) the current results indicate a negative relationship between drivers\u2019 self-reported automation trust and monitoring frequency, (b) gaze behavior provides a more direct measure of automation trust than other behavioral measures, and (c) with further refinement, drivers\u2019 automation trust during highly automated driving might be inferred from gaze behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Potential applications of this research include the estimation of drivers\u2019 automation trust and reliance during highly automated driving.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815625744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,3]],"date-time":"2016-02-03T23:04:18Z","timestamp":1454540658000},"page":"509-519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":312,"title":["Keep Your Scanners Peeled"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Hergeth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Vilimek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMW Group, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"given":"Josef F.","family":"Krems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720815625744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3182\/20020721-6-ES-1901.01614"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720815625744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITS.2014.2360306"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720815625744","first-page":"54","volume-title":"Human performance, situation awareness and automation: Current research and trends (Volume II)","author":"Bagheri N.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720815625744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2012.12.006"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720815625744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0018720815625744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:GRUP.0000021840.85686.57"},{"key":"bibr7-0018720815625744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120404800132"},{"key":"bibr8-0018720815625744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008043925-9\/50003-7"},{"key":"bibr9-0018720815625744","first-page":"20","volume-title":"In AAAI Symposium on The Intersection of Robust Intelligence and Trust in Autonomous Systems","author":"Carlson M. 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