{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:29:03Z","timestamp":1774927743733,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]],"date-time":"2016-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We aimed to develop and test a new dynamic measure of transient changes to the useful field of view (UFOV), utilizing a gaze-contingent paradigm for use in realistic simulated environments. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The UFOV, the area from which an observer can extract visual information during a single fixation, has been correlated with driving performance and crash risk. However, some existing measures of the UFOV cannot be used dynamically in realistic simulators, and other UFOV measures involve constant stimuli at fixed locations. We propose a gaze-contingent UFOV measure (the GC-UFOV) that solves the above problems. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Twenty-five participants completed four simulated drives while they concurrently performed an occasional gaze-contingent Gabor orientation discrimination task. Gabors appeared randomly at one of three retinal eccentricities (5\u00b0, 10\u00b0, or 15\u00b0). Cognitive workload was manipulated both with a concurrent auditory working memory task and with driving task difficulty (via presence\/absence of lateral wind). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Cognitive workload had a detrimental effect on Gabor discrimination accuracy at all three retinal eccentricities. Interestingly, this accuracy cost was equivalent across eccentricities, consistent with previous findings of \u201cgeneral interference\u201d rather than \u201ctunnel vision.\u201d <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The results showed that the GC-UFOV method was able to measure transient changes in UFOV due to cognitive load in a realistic simulated environment. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The GC-UFOV paradigm developed and tested in this study is a novel and effective tool for studying transient changes in the UFOV due to cognitive load in the context of complex real-world tasks such as simulated driving. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816642092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,19]],"date-time":"2016-04-19T04:14:08Z","timestamp":1461039248000},"page":"630-641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Measuring the Useful Field of View During Simulated Driving With Gaze-Contingent Displays"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"John G.","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign"}]},{"given":"Mark B.","family":"Neider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Crowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Carbonari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Kaczmarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign"}]},{"given":"Ryan V.","family":"Ringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas State University, Manhattan"}]},{"given":"Aaron P.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"}]},{"given":"Arthur F.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA"}]},{"given":"Lester C.","family":"Loschky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas State University, Manhattan"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17077\/drivingassessment.1191"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720810391215"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.46.4.664.56808"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.5.002210"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03138.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr6-0018720816642092","first-page":"113","volume":"5","author":"Ball K. K.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clinical Vision Sciences"},{"key":"bibr7-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00568.x"},{"key":"bibr8-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.17.1.15"},{"key":"bibr9-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2185-02"},{"key":"bibr10-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.04.012"},{"key":"bibr11-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401398186199"},{"key":"bibr12-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000175009.08626.65"},{"key":"bibr13-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03194878"},{"key":"bibr14-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p281075"},{"key":"bibr15-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.806"},{"key":"bibr16-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2004.7.621"},{"key":"bibr17-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713756679"},{"key":"bibr18-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greene H. H., Simpson D., Bennion J. (2012). The perceptual span during foveally-demanding visual target localization. Acta Psychologica, 139(3), 434\u2013439. doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2011.12.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2011.12.015"},{"key":"bibr19-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181311551394"},{"key":"bibr20-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.12.2.67"},{"key":"bibr21-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03199371"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr22-0018720816642092","first-page":"255","volume":"8","author":"Jahn G.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transportation Research. Part E, Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"key":"bibr23-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043688"},{"key":"bibr24-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00285-5"},{"key":"bibr25-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00279-U"},{"key":"bibr26-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.05.001"},{"key":"bibr27-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.8.2.99"},{"key":"bibr28-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03343023"},{"key":"bibr29-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03203972"},{"key":"bibr30-0018720816642092","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Theoretical models and processes of reading","author":"McConkie G. W.","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr31-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035097"},{"key":"bibr32-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902317205357"},{"key":"bibr33-0018720816642092","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Vision in vehicles","author":"Miura T.","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr34-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Motter B. C., Simoni D. A. (2008). Changes in the functional visual field during search with and without eye movements. Vision Research, 48(22), 2382\u20132393. doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2008.07.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2008.07.020"},{"key":"bibr35-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033854"},{"key":"bibr36-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2015.01.005"},{"key":"bibr37-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193121005401936"},{"key":"bibr38-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p3117"},{"key":"bibr39-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196143"},{"key":"bibr40-0018720816642092","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Thinking and seeing: Visual metacognition in adults and children","author":"Pringle H. L.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr41-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401399185315"},{"key":"bibr42-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(75)90005-5"},{"key":"bibr43-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.3.372"},{"key":"bibr44-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02243.x"},{"key":"bibr45-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898x.9.2.119"},{"key":"bibr46-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2138-03"},{"key":"bibr47-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720812437274"},{"key":"bibr48-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.45.2.307.27235"},{"key":"bibr49-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2578153.2578160"},{"key":"bibr50-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/16.2.7"},{"key":"bibr51-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.45.2.218.27241"},{"key":"bibr52-0018720816642092","first-page":"619","volume":"14","author":"Sagi D.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"bibr53-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/036107300243588"},{"key":"bibr54-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/i0512"},{"key":"bibr55-0018720816642092","volume-title":"Paper presented at the AVEC12\u2014The 11th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control","author":"Son J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr56-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/11.5.13"},{"key":"bibr57-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Summala H., Lamble D., Laakso M. (1998). Driving experience and perception of the lead car\u2019s braking when looking at in-car targets. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 30(4), 401\u2013407. doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0001-4575(98)00005-0","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(98)00005-0"},{"key":"bibr58-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872096778701944"},{"key":"bibr59-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008043361-5\/50016-X"},{"key":"bibr60-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088502700209"},{"key":"bibr61-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1422833"},{"key":"bibr62-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327043hup0201_1"},{"key":"bibr63-0018720816642092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03211924"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720816642092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0018720816642092","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720816642092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T09:12:21Z","timestamp":1740993141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720816642092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720816642092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720816642092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]]}}}