{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T19:25:22Z","timestamp":1778354722210,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498003200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated the effects of a passive break, relaxation activity, and casual video game on affect, stress, engagement, and cognitive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reducing stress and improving cognitive performance is critical across many domains. Previous studies investigated taking a break, relaxation techniques, or playing a game; however, these methods have not been compared within a single experiment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants completed a baseline affective and cognitive assessment (ACA), which included the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, shortened version of the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire, and backward digit-span. Next, participants completed a vigilance task, followed by another ACA. Participants were then assigned at random to complete a break or relaxation activity or play a casual video game, followed by a final ACA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants who played the casual video game exhibited greater engagement and affective restoration than the relaxation condition. The break condition slightly decreased affect and prevented cognitive restoration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Playing a casual video game even briefly can restore individuals\u2019 affective abilities, making it a suitable activity to restore mood in response to stress. However, future research is needed to find activities capable of cognitive restoration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many activities in life require sustained cognitive demand, which are stressful and decrease performance, especially for workers in performance-critical domains. Our research suggests some leisure activities are better than others for restoring fatigued affective processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720817715360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T19:09:56Z","timestamp":1498072196000},"page":"1096-1107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Searching for Affective and Cognitive Restoration: Examining the Restorative Effects of Casual Video Game Play"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Rupp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Sweetman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandra E.","family":"Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janan A.","family":"Smither","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720817715360","unstructured":"Anderson N. B., Belar C. D., Breckler S. J., Nordal K. C., Ballard D. W., Bufka L. F. Wiggins K. (2015). Stress in America: Paying with our health. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.apa.org\/news\/press\/releases\/stress\/2014\/stress-report.pdf"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720817715360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815598433"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720817715360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02225.x"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720817715360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2005.07.001"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720817715360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00226"},{"key":"bibr6-0018720817715360","unstructured":"Casual Games Association. (2007). Casual games market report. 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S., Liu S., Schad D. J., Heinzel S., Heinz A., Rapp M. A. (2015). Differential effects of wakeful rest, music, and video game playing on working memory performance in the n-back task. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1683. 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