{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T21:15:06Z","timestamp":1781298906083,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011102","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PITN-GA-2013-605817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PITN-GA-2013-605817"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to explore whether driver-paced, noncritical transitions of control may counteract some of the aftereffects observed in the contemporary literature, resulting in higher levels of vehicle control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research into control transitions in highly automated driving has focused on urgent scenarios where drivers are given a relatively short time span to respond to a request to resume manual control, resulting in seemingly scrambled control when manual control is resumed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-six drivers drove two scenarios with an automated driving feature activated. Drivers were asked to read a newspaper or monitor the system and relinquish or resume control from the automation when prompted by vehicle systems. Driving performance in terms of lane positioning and steering behavior was assessed for 20 seconds post resuming control to capture the resulting level of control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was found that lane positioning was virtually unaffected for the duration of the 20-second time span in both automated conditions compared to the manual baseline when drivers resumed manual control; however, significant increases in the standard deviation of steering input were found for both automated conditions compared to baseline. No significant differences were found between the two automated conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that when drivers self-paced the transfer back to manual control they exhibit less of the detrimental effects observed in system-paced conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was shown that self-paced transitions could reduce the risk of accidents near the edge of the operational design domain. Vehicle manufacturers must consider these benefits when designing contemporary systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720817728774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T12:41:47Z","timestamp":1505306507000},"page":"1233-1248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Driving Performance After Self-Regulated Control Transitions in Highly Automated Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neville A.","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2015.1005175"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2015.06.020"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(98)00069-6"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2015.04.019"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1479-3601(02)02003-9"},{"key":"bibr6-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720809337503"},{"key":"bibr7-0018720817728774","volume-title":"Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Usability, Psychology, and Security","author":"Cranor L. F.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr8-0018720817728774","first-page":"16","volume":"15","author":"Damb\u00f6ck D.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tagung Fahrerassistenz. M\u00fcnchen"},{"key":"bibr9-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s101110200022"},{"key":"bibr10-0018720817728774","first-page":"8","volume":"1628","author":"Desmond P. A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Performance, User Information, and Highway Design"},{"key":"bibr11-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.03.011"},{"key":"bibr12-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07230-2_38"},{"key":"bibr13-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20373-7_1"},{"key":"bibr14-0018720817728774","author":"Eriksson A.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Human Machine Systems"},{"key":"bibr15-0018720817728774","volume-title":"Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics","author":"Eriksson A.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr16-0018720817728774","unstructured":"Eriksson A., Stanton N. A. (2017a). he1y13\/TrafficQuery_STISIM3: A traffic querying class for STISIM drive simulation kernel\u2014Build 3.07.04. Retrieved from https:\/\/zenodo.org\/record\/345955#.WZTVvFGGM2w"},{"key":"bibr17-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816685832"},{"key":"bibr18-0018720817728774","author":"Eriksson A.","journal-title":"Safety Science"},{"key":"bibr19-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0710-558"},{"key":"bibr20-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931213571433"},{"key":"bibr21-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816634226"},{"key":"bibr22-0018720817728774","unstructured":"Gordon M. S., Kozloski J. R., Kundu A., Malkin P. K., Pickover C. A. (2017). U.S. Patent #9,566,986: Controlling driving modes of self-driving vehicles. Retrieved from http:\/\/patft.uspto.gov\/netacgi\/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=9566986&OS=9566986&RS=9566986"},{"key":"bibr23-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/353485.353487"},{"key":"bibr24-0018720817728774","volume-title":"Human reliability analysis: Context and control","author":"Hollnagel E.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr25-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420038194"},{"key":"bibr26-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1881.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr27-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2016.09.010"},{"key":"bibr28-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2016.06.016"},{"key":"bibr29-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2277725"},{"key":"bibr30-0018720817728774","volume-title":"Paper presented at the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV)","author":"Knappe G.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr31-0018720817728774","unstructured":"Liu Y.C., Schreiner C. S., Dingus T. A. (1999). Development of human factors guidelines for advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) and commercial vehicle operations (CVO): Human factors evaluation of the effectiveness of multi-modality displays in advanced traveler information systems. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.fhwa.dot.gov\/publications\/research\/safety\/96150\/index.cfm"},{"key":"bibr32-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2016.10.007"},{"key":"bibr33-0018720817728774","first-page":"1","volume":"26","author":"Merat N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour"},{"key":"bibr34-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2173-6_19"},{"key":"bibr35-0018720817728774","volume-title":"Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics AHFE","author":"Naujoks F.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr36-0018720817728774","volume-title":"Memory and attention","author":"Norman D. A.","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr37-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720814563602"},{"key":"bibr38-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.12.001"},{"key":"bibr39-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aah5682"},{"key":"bibr40-0018720817728774","volume-title":"Taxonomy and definitions for terms related to driving automation systems for on-road motor vehicles, J3016_201609","author":"SAE J3016","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr41-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40503-2_11"},{"key":"bibr42-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2013.772244"},{"key":"bibr43-0018720817728774","first-page":"69","volume":"62","author":"Stanton N. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ingenia"},{"key":"bibr44-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327566IJCE0502_2"},{"key":"bibr45-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401398186568"},{"key":"bibr46-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/STHF0203_2"},{"key":"bibr47-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.1109"},{"key":"bibr48-0018720817728774","unstructured":"Tesla Motors. (2016). Upgrading autopilot: Seeing the world in radar. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.tesla.com\/en_GB\/blog\/upgrading-autopilot-seeing-world-radar?redirect=no"},{"key":"bibr49-0018720817728774","unstructured":"United Nations. (1968). Convention on road traffic. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.unece.org\/fileadmin\/DAM\/trans\/conventn\/crt1968e.pdf"},{"key":"bibr50-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2015.1102231"},{"key":"bibr51-0018720817728774","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. (2015). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data: Number of road traffic deaths. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/road_safety\/mortality\/number_text\/en\/"},{"key":"bibr52-0018720817728774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130600980789"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720817728774","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0018720817728774","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720817728774","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:51:28Z","timestamp":1777449088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720817728774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720817728774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720817728774","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]}}}