{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T04:30:10Z","timestamp":1776054610211,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]],"date-time":"2018-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529884800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008132","name":"HCF Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Doctoral Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doctoral Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Determine the relationship between cognitive load (CL) and automation bias (AB). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Clinical decision support (CDS) for electronic prescribing can improve safety but introduces the risk of AB, where reliance on CDS replaces vigilance in information seeking and processing. We hypothesized high CL generated by high task complexity would increase AB errors. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p> One hundred twenty medical students prescribed medicines for clinical scenarios using a simulated e-prescribing system in a randomized controlled experiment. Quality of CDS (correct, incorrect, and no CDS) and task complexity (low and high) were varied. CL, omission errors (failure to detect prescribing errors), and commission errors (acceptance of false positive alerts) were measured. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Increasing complexity from low to high significantly increased CL, F(1, 118) = 71.6, p &lt; .001. CDS reduced CL in high-complexity conditions compared to no CDS, F(2, 117) = 4.72, p = .015. Participants who made omission errors in incorrect and no CDS conditions exhibited lower CL compared to those who did not, F(1, 636.49) = 3.79, p = .023. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Results challenge the notion that AB is triggered by increasing task complexity and associated increases in CL. Omission errors were associated with lower CL, suggesting errors may stem from an insufficient allocation of cognitive resources. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This is the first research to examine the relationship between CL and AB. Findings suggest designers and users of CDS systems need to be aware of the risks of AB. Interventions that increase user vigilance and engagement may be beneficial and deserve further investigation. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720818781224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]],"date-time":"2018-06-25T16:15:46Z","timestamp":1529943346000},"page":"1008-1021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The Effect of Cognitive Load and Task Complexity on Automation Bias in Electronic Prescribing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2695-0368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Lyell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Magrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Coiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2667"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720818781224","unstructured":"Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. (2015, January). Australian medicines handbook 2015. Retrieved from http:\/\/amhonline.amh.net.au\/"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1423141"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.2000.1051"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1736359"},{"key":"bibr6-0018720818781224","volume-title":"Considering subjective trust and monitoring behavior in assessing automation-induced \u201ccomplacency.\u201d","author":"Bagheri N.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr7-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2004.1398299"},{"key":"bibr8-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120805201906"},{"key":"bibr9-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2008.06.001"},{"key":"bibr10-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220500535301"},{"key":"bibr11-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872006779166280"},{"key":"bibr12-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6973.170"},{"key":"bibr13-0018720818781224","volume-title":"General practice activity in Australia 2014\u201315. General practice series no. 38","author":"Britt H.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr14-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01003922"},{"key":"bibr15-0018720818781224","volume-title":"Social cognition","author":"Fiske S. T.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr16-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000089"},{"key":"bibr17-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088402600504"},{"key":"bibr18-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9"},{"key":"bibr19-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2006.00281.x"},{"key":"bibr20-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03192848"},{"key":"bibr21-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocw154"},{"key":"bibr22-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-013-0334-1"},{"key":"bibr23-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2013.12.001"},{"key":"bibr24-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocw105"},{"key":"bibr25-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-017-0425-5"},{"key":"bibr26-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555343411433844"},{"key":"bibr27-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/0018720053653802"},{"key":"bibr28-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043158"},{"key":"bibr29-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129203601833"},{"key":"bibr30-0018720818781224","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Automation and human performance: Theory and applications","author":"Mosier K. L.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr31-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap1101_1"},{"key":"bibr32-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0801_3"},{"key":"bibr33-0018720818781224","unstructured":"National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Research Council, & Australian Vice-Chancellors\u2019 Committee. (2015). National statement on ethical conduct in human research. Retrieved from www.nhmrc.gov.au\/guidelines\/publications\/e72 (Original work published 2007)"},{"key":"bibr34-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.84.4.429"},{"key":"bibr35-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326985EP3801_8"},{"key":"bibr36-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720810376055"},{"key":"bibr37-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0301_1"},{"key":"bibr38-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0049234"},{"key":"bibr39-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2009.09.002"},{"key":"bibr40-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989x12465490"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr41-0018720818781224","first-page":"27","volume":"3","author":"Prinzel L. J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Individual Differences Research"},{"key":"bibr42-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720811418222"},{"key":"bibr43-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001"},{"key":"bibr44-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872007779598082"},{"key":"bibr45-0018720818781224","first-page":"9","volume":"35","author":"Singh A. L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr46-0018720818781224","first-page":"21","volume":"46","author":"Singh I. L.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Studies"},{"key":"bibr47-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73331-7_47"},{"key":"bibr48-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-5056(03)00040-6"},{"key":"bibr49-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1999.0349"},{"key":"bibr50-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-11-27"},{"key":"bibr51-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4752(94)90003-5"},{"key":"bibr52-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-8126-4"},{"key":"bibr53-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511610806"},{"key":"bibr54-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1494"},{"key":"bibr55-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815581940"},{"key":"bibr56-0018720818781224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0504-5"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720818781224","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0018720818781224","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720818781224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T19:02:18Z","timestamp":1740769338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720818781224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720818781224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720818781224","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]}}}