{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T10:44:55Z","timestamp":1785667495228,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T42\/OH008672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T42\/OH008672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007058","name":"Northern Illinois University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Joan E. Wood Nursing Research Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Joan E. Wood Nursing Research Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007058","name":"Northern Illinois University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research & Artistry grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research & Artistry grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available friction-reducing patient-transfer devices in reducing biomechanical stresses on caregivers and patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caregivers suffer from high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, which is associated with manual patient handling. However, there is not enough information available on the efficacy of various friction-reducing devices in reducing biomechanical stresses in the upper extremities and low back.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During patient-transfer tasks performed by 20 caregivers, we measured hand force; shoulder and trunk posture; shoulder moment; muscle activity in the flexor digitorum superficialis, extensor digitorum communis, biceps, triceps, trapezius, and erector spinae; and usability ratings from four devices: a draw sheet, a repositioning sheet, a slide board, and an air-assisted device. In addition, triaxial head acceleration of mock patients was measured to evaluate patients\u2019 head acceleration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The slide board and air-assisted device significantly reduced hand force ( p &lt; .001), shoulder flexion ( p &lt; .001), shoulder moment ( p &lt; .001), muscle activities of caregivers ( p &lt; .004), and patients\u2019 head acceleration ( p &lt; .023) compared with the draw sheet. However, no significant differences in biomechanical measures were found between the repositioning and draw sheets. The air-assisted device consistently showed the lowest biomechanical stresses and was most preferred by participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reduction in caregivers\u2019 biomechanical stresses and mock patients\u2019 head acceleration indicates that a slide board and an air-assisted device can be effective engineering controls to reduce risk of injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study results can provide a recommendation for engineering controls to reduce biomechanical stresses for both caregivers and patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720819827208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T16:37:25Z","timestamp":1550853445000},"page":"1125-1140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Commercially Available Friction-Reducing Patient-Transfer Devices Reduce Biomechanical Stresses on Caregivers\u2019 Upper Extremities and Low Back"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Jaejin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veera Aneesh","family":"Kuppam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhramanya Suryanarayana Raju","family":"Chodraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, USA"},{"name":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720819827208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartnik L. 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