{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:30:37Z","timestamp":1783013437318,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"u.s. department of veterans affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study samples interruption frequency in intensive care unit (ICU) settings to assess the relationship between interruptions and common patient hazards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Task interruptions are accident contributors in numerous industries. Recently, studies on health care interruptions and their impact on patient hazards have received attention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven ICUs in four hospitals participated in a 24-month study. Experienced ICU nurses directly observed nursing tasks, interruptions, and patient hazards (delays in care, breaks in device task protocols, and patient safety hazards).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During 1,148 hours of observation, 175 nurses performed 74,733 nursing tasks. Interruptions occurred at a rate of 4.95 per hour, and 8.4% of tasks were interrupted. Interruptions originated mostly from humans (65.9%), alarms (24.1%), and others (10%). A total of 774 patient hazards were observed, with a hazard occurring on average every 89 minutes. Relative to noninterrupted tasks, device alarm interrupted nonstructured tasks were associated with increased rates of delays in care and safety hazards (rate ratio [RR] = 3.19). In contrast, rate of delays in care and safety hazards did not increase during human interrupted tasks (RR = 1.13). Rates of protocol nonadherence varied by device type and were highest during artificial airway, medication administration, chest tube, and supplemental oxygen management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interruptions in the ICU are frequent and contribute to patient hazards, especially when caused by device alarms during nonstructured tasks. Nonadherence to protocols is common and contributed to patient hazards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest a need for improvement in task and device design to reduce patient hazards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720819838090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T11:32:35Z","timestamp":1554377555000},"page":"564-576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Interruptions and Delivery of Care in the Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Frank A.","family":"Drews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boaz A.","family":"Markewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Stoddard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew H.","family":"Samore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720819838090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2005.03.017"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720819838090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anthony K., Wiencek C., Bauer C., Daly B., Anthony M. 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