{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T16:26:09Z","timestamp":1782318369849,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003032","name":"Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\u00b02015\/1306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b02015\/1306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research aimed to evaluate the differences in the assessments made by three simulation tools used in a maintainability design office to perform human factor\/ergonomics (HFE) analysis: digital human modeling (DHM), virtual reality (VR), and physical mock-up (PMU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maintainability engineers use digital\/physical simulation tools in the early design phase to analyze whether the design is well adapted for maintenance operators. Knowing the potential of these simulation tools would encourage maintainability stakeholders to integrate HFE in the design process more efficiently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven maintenance tasks were analyzed from the participation of six maintenance operators. Various HFE indicators including physical, cognitive, and organizational indicators were assessed. Each operator repeated 11 maintenance tasks on VR and PMU. Based on the anthropometric parameters, six manikins were created to analyze 11 maintenance tasks on DHM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant difference was found for the organizational indicators between VR and PMU, whereas the physical and cognitive indicators are similar. DHM, VR, and PMU are compared with the common HFE indicators for the physical dimension and present a significant difference for individual tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To reduce the gap between simulation tools, a better physical representation is requested on the VR platform, improving the perception of work sequences in the virtual world. Concerning DHM, a new paradigm is proposed to study a few tasks per work area instead of studying each task independently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study will help develop a new methodology and tools specifically for non-HFE experts in the maintainability department.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720819861496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T11:34:03Z","timestamp":1564486443000},"page":"37-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Using Digital and Physical Simulation to Focus on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Aviation Maintainability"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1420-674X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabien","family":"Bernard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Airbus, Marignane, France and University of Technology\rof Belfort-Montb\u00e9liard\u2013University of Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Zare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology of Belfort-Montb\u00e9liard\u2013University of Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Sagot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology of Belfort-Montb\u00e9liard\u2013University of Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Paquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Airbus, Marignane, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720819861496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/DETC2018-86323"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720819861496","volume-title":"Paper presented at the proceedings of Virtual Concept","author":"Amundarain A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720819861496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2016.02.015"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720819861496","volume-title":"Association fran\u00e7aise des ing\u00e9nieurs et responsables de maintenance- sant\u00e9 et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au travail: les m\u00e9tiers de la maintenance en premi\u00e8re ligne. 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