{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:58:07Z","timestamp":1777669087097,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our objective was to determine whether there is a need to go beyond measures of automation deactivation time to understand the transition to manual driving after take-over requests (TORs) using the example of office tasks as nondriving-related tasks (NDRTs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Office tasks are likely NDRTs during automated commutes to\/from work. Complex tasks can influence how manual control and visual attention is recovered after TORs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N = 51 participants in a driving simulator performed either one of two office tasks or no task (between subjects). We recorded reaction times in a high-urgency and low-urgency scenario (within subjects) and analyzed task interruption strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>90% of the participants who performed an NDRT deactivated the automation after 7 to 8 s. However, 90% of the same drivers looked at the side mirror for the first time only after 11 to 14 s. Drivers with office tasks either interrupted the tasks sequentially or in parallel. Strategies were not adapted to the take-over situation or the task but appeared to be due to individual preferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drivers engaged in NDRTs may neglect lower priority subtasks after a TOR, such as mirror checking. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond measures of automation deactivation time to understand the transition to manual driving. Using analyses of attentional dynamics during take-over situations may enhance the safety of future car-driver handover assistance systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>If low driver availability is detected, TORs should only be used as a fallback option if sufficient time and adaptive driver support can be provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720819866976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T12:11:26Z","timestamp":1565611886000},"page":"1190-1211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Task Interruption and Control Recovery Strategies After Take-Over Requests Emphasize Need for Measures of Situation Awareness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1992-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Vogelpohl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Gehlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Vollrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Germany"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITS.2017.2743165"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720812460246"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720819866976","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 94th Annual Meeting of the TRB","author":"Cyganski R.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2014.06.016"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324834BASP2404_3"},{"key":"bibr6-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931215591360"},{"key":"bibr7-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931213571433"},{"key":"bibr8-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816634226"},{"key":"bibr9-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2018.1427803"},{"key":"bibr10-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2516540.2516554"},{"key":"bibr11-0018720819866976","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Lehrbuch Der Personalpsychologie","volume":"2","author":"H\u00f6ft S.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr12-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2013.02.008"},{"key":"bibr13-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17077\/drivingassessment.1653"},{"key":"bibr14-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816665759"},{"key":"bibr15-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prs.680160304"},{"key":"bibr16-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2018.07.002"},{"key":"bibr17-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klauer S. G., Dingus T. A., Neale V. L., Sudweeks J. D., Ramsey D. J. (2006). The impact of driver inattention on near-crash\/crash risk: An analysis using the 100-car naturalistic driving study data. Retrieved from https:\/\/vtechworks.lib.vt.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/10919\/55090\/DriverInattention.pdf","DOI":"10.1037\/e729262011-001"},{"key":"bibr18-0018720819866976","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger H. P., Grein M., Kaussner A., Mark C. (2005). SILAB\u2014A task-oriented driving simulation. In Driving Simulation Conference. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nads-sc.uiowa.edu\/dscna\/2005\/papers\/SILAB_A_task_oriented_driving_simulation.pdf"},{"key":"bibr19-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2015.04.014"},{"key":"bibr20-0018720819866976","volume-title":"The development and usage of Dikablis (digital wireless gaze tracking system)","author":"Lange C.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr21-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2016.02.003"},{"key":"bibr22-0018720819866976","first-page":"24","volume":"58","author":"Lee J. D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine"},{"key":"bibr23-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13"},{"key":"bibr24-0018720819866976","volume-title":"Revidierter allgemeiner b\u00fcroarbeitstest: ABAT-R: Handanweisung f\u00fcr die durchf\u00fchrung und auswertung","author":"Lienert G. A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr25-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2019.03.020"},{"key":"bibr26-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2016-042155"},{"key":"bibr27-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2016.12.003"},{"key":"bibr28-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720819829572"},{"key":"bibr29-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00734.x"},{"key":"bibr30-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2015.07.788"},{"key":"bibr31-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2014.09.005"},{"key":"bibr32-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-018-0525-8"},{"key":"bibr33-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00028-7"},{"key":"bibr34-0018720819866976","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2017) Automated Driving Systems (ADS): A vision for safety 2.0.NHTSA, DOT HS 812 442. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nhtsa.gov\/sites\/nhtsa.dot.gov\/files\/documents\/13069a-ads2.0_090617_v9a_tag.pdf"},{"key":"bibr35-0018720819866976","volume":"7","author":"Naujoks F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation"},{"key":"bibr36-0018720819866976","volume-title":"6. Tagung Fahrerassistenzsysteme. Der Weg zum automatischen Fahren","author":"Petermann-Stock I.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr37-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3012709.3012735"},{"key":"bibr38-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931214581434"},{"key":"bibr39-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2602-14"},{"key":"bibr40-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922X.2018.1485984"},{"key":"bibr41-0018720819866976","unstructured":"Society of Automotive Engineers. (2018). Taxonomy and definitions for terms related to driving automation systems for on-road motor vehicles (Surface Vehicle Information Report J3016_201806). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.sae.org\/standards\/content\/j3016_201806\/"},{"key":"bibr42-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198118757980"},{"key":"bibr43-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2018.03.019"},{"key":"bibr44-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.03.013"},{"key":"bibr45-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.06.003"},{"key":"bibr46-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-49448-7_10"},{"key":"bibr47-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2018.06.001"},{"key":"bibr48-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-96074-6_19"},{"key":"bibr49-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.02.023"},{"key":"bibr50-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.002"},{"key":"bibr51-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2017.07.008"},{"key":"bibr52-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11496-025"},{"key":"bibr53-0018720819866976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2019.04.020"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720819866976","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0018720819866976","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720819866976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:52:08Z","timestamp":1777449128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720819866976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720819866976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720819866976","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]]}}}