{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:48:09Z","timestamp":1774529289364,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this review, we determine if there is evidence to demonstrate a relationship between occupational driving posture and low back pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The burden of low back pain is increasing. An understanding of this relationship is required to enable the development of recommendations for clinicians and policy-makers for the driving industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five databases were searched up to March 12, 2018. Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\u2019s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, followed by a GRADE analysis to consider the evidence as a whole. A narrative, critical synthesis was completed that considered the methods by which driving posture and low back pain were measured and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 653 articles identified, with seven eligible for review. Four articles identified an association between occupational driving posture and low back pain, yet this was based on the use of measurement tools lacking validity. Although a relationship may exist, the specific driving postures associated with low back pain and the strength of this relationship have not been confirmed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Future research needs to employ validated and reliable, real-time qualitative methods for measuring occupational driving posture to advance our understanding of this relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical and policy recommendations regarding driving posture and low back pain should be used with caution, as they are guided by evidence incorporating bias. Future studies are required to confirm the specific postures assumed while occupational driving and their relationship with low back pain, before recommendations can be made.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720819871730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T16:07:17Z","timestamp":1568304437000},"page":"111-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sitting Posture During Occupational Driving Causes Low Back Pain; Evidence-Based Position or Dogma? A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9054-6215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Tinitali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}]},{"given":"Kelly-Ann","family":"Bowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(94)90004-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199209000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","first-page":"805","article-title":"Task and postural factors are related to back pain in helicopter pilots","volume":"73","author":"Bridger R. S.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bridger R. S., Groom M. R., Jones H., Pethybridge R. J., Pullinger N. (2002). Task and postural factors are related to back pain in helicopter pilots. Aviation Space & Environmental Medicine, 73, 805\u2013811.","journal-title":"Aviation Space & Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.217"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSNIP.2011.6146618"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqi125"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000202532.76925.d2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01484834-20141023-03"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","first-page":"1789","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2018","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Global Health Metrics, 392, 1789\u20131858.","journal-title":"Global Health Metrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1371-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.6.664"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576505800503"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204428"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(200001)37:1<94::AID-AJIM8>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0591-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199709150-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(87)90010-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0143-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2002-00230"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","first-page":"134","article-title":"Epidemiology of back disorders: Prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis","volume":"17","author":"Manek N. J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Manek N. J., MacGregor A. J. (2005). Epidemiology of back disorders: Prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis. Current Opinion in Rheumatology, 17, 134\u2013140.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(03)00052-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","volume-title":"Report of investigations 9684: Practical ergonomic principles","author":"Moore S. M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moore S. M., Torma-Krajewski J., Steiner L. J. (2011). Report of investigations 9684: Practical ergonomic principles. Pittsburgh, PA: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","unstructured":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (2014). Quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/study-quality-assessment-tools"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(01)00042-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2006.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130701637262"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2006.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.4840"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.30519"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsvi.2001.4253"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","first-page":"A12","article-title":"The well-built clinical question: A key to evidence-based decisions","volume":"123","author":"Richardson W. S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Richardson W. S., Wilson M. C., Nishikawa J., Hayward R. S. (1995). The well-built clinical question: A key to evidence-based decisions. American College of Physicians Journal Club, 123(3), A12\u2013A13.","journal-title":"American College of Physicians Journal Club"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2008.4649247"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kql045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.45.268"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(78)90081-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/101053950301500202"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.14812"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199110000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","unstructured":"Xia T. Iles R. Newnam S. Lubman D. I. Collie A. (2018). Driving Health Report No 1: Work-related injury and disease in Australian transport sector workers. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.monash.edu\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0006\/1457448\/Driving-Health-Report-1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2018.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","first-page":"598","article-title":"Effect of physical and psychosocial factors on occupational low back pain","volume":"6","author":"Yilmaz E.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yilmaz E., Dedeli O. (2012). Effect of physical and psychosocial factors on occupational low back pain. Health Science Journal, 6, 598\u2013609.","journal-title":"Health Science Journal"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720819871730","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0018720819871730","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720819871730","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T17:47:51Z","timestamp":1767635271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720819871730"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720819871730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720819871730","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]]}}}