{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:04:25Z","timestamp":1772802265097,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586822400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"research to prevent blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Core Grant for Vision Research (P30 EY016665)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Core Grant for Vision Research (P30 EY016665)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p> Surgeon tremor was measured during vitreoretinal microscopic surgeries under different hand support conditions. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> While the ophthalmic surgeon\u2019s forearm is supported using a standard symmetric wrist rest when operating on the patient\u2019s same side as the dominant hand (SSD), the surgeon\u2019s hand is placed directly on the patient\u2019s forehead when operating on the contralateral side of the dominant hand (CSD). It was hypothesized that more tremor is associated with CSD surgeries than SSD surgeries and that, using an experimental asymmetric wrist rest where the contralateral wrist bar gradually rises and curves toward the patient\u2019s operative eye, there is no difference in tremor associated with CSD and SSD surgeries. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Seventy-six microscope videos, recorded from three surgeons performing macular membrane peeling operations, were analyzed using marker-less motion tracking, and movement data (instrument path length and acceleration) were recorded. Tremor acceleration frequency and magnitude were measured using spectral analysis. Following 47 surgeries using a conventional symmetric wrist support, surgeons incorporated the experimental asymmetric wrist rest into their surgical routine. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> There was 0.11 mm\/s<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (22%) greater ( p = .05) average tremor acceleration magnitude for CSD surgeries (0.62 mm\/s<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, SD = 0.08) than SSD surgeries (0.51 mm\/s<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, SD = 0.09) for the symmetric wrist rest, while no significant ( p &gt; .05) differences were observed (0.57 mm, SD = 0.13 for SSD and 0.58 mm, SD = 0.11 for CSD surgeries) for the experimental asymmetric wrist rest. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> The asymmetric wrist support reduced the difference in tremor acceleration between CSD and SSD surgeries. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720820916629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T18:33:59Z","timestamp":1586889239000},"page":"1169-1181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In Situ Tremor in Vitreoretinal Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA"}]},{"given":"Mitchell D.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSM Health Dean Medical Group, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"given":"Amol D.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSM Health Dean Medical Group, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSM Health Dean Medical Group, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5693-5065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan S.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3587-5443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Nimunkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7973-0641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert G.","family":"Radwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720820916629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(97)00079-3"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720820916629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(01)00030-8"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720820916629","first-page":"250","volume":"25","author":"Arnold R. 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