{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:00:44Z","timestamp":1777669244754,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592438400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP180100806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP180100806"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper presents the Binary-Based Model (BBM), a new approach to Human Factors (HF) method selection. The BBM helps practitioners select the most appropriate HF methodology in relation to the complexity within the target system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are over 200 HF methods available to the practitioner and little guidance to help choose between them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The BBM defines a HF \u201cproblem space\u201d comprising three complexity attributes. HF problems can be rated against these attributes and located in the \u201cproblem space.\u201d In addition, a similar HF \u201capproach space\u201d in which 66 predictive methods are rated according to their ability to confront those attributes is defined. These spaces are combined into a \u201cutility space\u201d in which problems and methods coexist. In the utility space, the match between HF problems and methods can be formally assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The method space is split into octants to establish broad groupings of methods distributed throughout the space. About 77% of the methods reside in Octant 1 which corresponds to problems with low levels of complexity. This demonstrates that most HF methods are suited to problems in low-complexity systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The location of 77% of the rated methods in Octant 1 indicates that HF practitioners are underserved with methods for analysis of HF problems exhibiting high complexity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The BBM can be used by multidisciplinary teams to select the most appropriate HF methodology for the problem under analysis. All the materials and analysis are placed in the public domain for modification and consensus building by the wider HF community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720820926875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T10:30:00Z","timestamp":1592476200000},"page":"1408-1436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Binary-Based Model (BBM) for Improved Human Factors Method Selection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8550-6788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matt","family":"Holman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Lansdown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7403-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8562-3279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neville","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","volume-title":"Understanding command and control","author":"Alberts D. S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alberts D. S., Hayes R. E. (2006). Understanding command and control. CCRP."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","volume-title":"The pocket oxford dictionary","author":"Allen R. E","year":"1984","unstructured":"Allen R. E. (1984). The pocket oxford dictionary. Clarendon."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2014.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","volume-title":"Decision making under stress","author":"Annett J","year":"1997","unstructured":"Annett J. (1997). Analysing team skills. In Flin R., Salas E., Strub M., Martin L. (Eds.), Decision making under stress. Ashgate."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","volume-title":"Task Analysis. Department of Employment Training Information Paper 6","author":"Annett J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Annett J., Duncan K. D., Stammers R. B., Gray M. J. (1971). Task Analysis. Department of Employment Training Information Paper 6. HMSO."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2004.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.2000.0452"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Usability evaluation in industry","author":"Baber C.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Baber C., Stanton N. A. (1996). Observation as a usability method. In Jordan P. W., Thomas B., Weerdmeester B. A., McClelland I. L. (Eds.), Usability evaluation in industry (pp. 85\u201394). Taylor and Francis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015112","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2183408","article-title":"Functional holography analysis: Simplifying the complexity of dynamical networks","volume":"16","author":"Baruchi I.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baruchi I., Grossman D., Volman V., Shein M., Hunter J., Towle V. L., Ben-Jacob E. (2006). Functional holography analysis: Simplifying the complexity of dynamical networks. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 16, 015112.doi:10.1063\/1.2183408http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16599778","journal-title":"Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401397187784"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","volume-title":"Handbook of human factors methods","author":"Bowers C. A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bowers C. A., Jentsch F. (2005). Team workload. In Stanton N. A., Hedge A., Brookhuis K., Salas E., Hendrick H. (Eds.), Handbook of human factors methods. Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327566IJCE0503_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","volume-title":"Road trauma Australia 2017 statistical summary","author":"Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics (BITRE)","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics (BITRE). (2018). Road trauma Australia 2017 statistical summary. BITRE."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203489925.ch56"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","volume-title":"The psychology of human-computer interaction","author":"Card S. K.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Card S. K., Moran T. P., Newell A. (1983). The psychology of human-computer interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02580136.1999.10878187"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","volume-title":"Safety plan 2011\u20132013","author":"Civil Aviation Authority (CAA)","year":"2011","unstructured":"Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). (2011). Safety plan 2011\u20132013. Author."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(00)00009-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","unstructured":"Cooper G. E. Harper R. P. (1969). The use of pilot rating in the evaluation of aircraft handling qualities [Report No. ASD-TR-76-19]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","volume-title":"Evaluation of human work.","author":"Corlett E. N.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Corlett E. N., Wilson J. R., Corlett N.. (Eds.). (1995). Evaluation of human work. CRC Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transportation accident investigation: The development of human factors research and practice","volume":"6","author":"Coury B. G.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coury B. G., Ellingstad V. S., Kolly J. M. (2010). Transportation accident investigation: The development of human factors research and practice. Ergonomics, 6, 1\u201333.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14773996.2016.1231864"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"The calculi of emergence: Computation, dynamics and induction","volume":"75","author":"Crutchfield J. P","year":"1994","unstructured":"Crutchfield J. P. (1994). The calculi of emergence: Computation, dynamics and induction. Physical Review D, 75, 11\u201354.","journal-title":"Physical Review D"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140135808930404"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315257396"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2011.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","volume-title":"Knowledge elicitation: Principles, techniques and applications","author":"Diaper D. E","year":"1989","unstructured":"Diaper D. E. (1989). Knowledge elicitation: Principles, techniques and applications. Prentice Hall PTR."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","volume-title":"Handbook of human factors methods","author":"Driskell J. E.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Driskell J. E., Mullen B. (2005). Social network analysis. In Stanton N. A., Hedge A., Brookhuis K., Salas E., Hendrick H. (Eds.), Handbook of human factors methods. Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2012.661087"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/atcq.6.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","first-page":"329","volume-title":"in the Institution of Chemical Engineers symposium Series 130.","author":"Embrey D","year":"1983","unstructured":"Embrey D. (1983). Quantitative and qualitative prediction of human error in safety assessments\u2019. in the Institution of Chemical Engineers symposium Series 130. I.Chem.E.,. 329\u2013350."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","volume-title":"International Meeting on Advances in Nuclear Power Systems","author":"Embrey D. E","year":"1986","unstructured":"Embrey D. E. (1986). SHERPA: A systematic human error reduction and prediction approach [Paper presentation]. International Meeting on Advances in Nuclear Power Systems, Knoxville, TN, United States."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","volume-title":"A mathematical introduction to logic","author":"Enderton H.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Enderton H., Enderton H. B. (2001). A mathematical introduction to logic. Academic Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049499"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Symbiosis of Humans","author":"Endsley M. R","year":"2001","unstructured":"Endsley M. R. (2001). Designing for situation awareness in complex systems. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Symbiosis of Humans, Artifacts and Environment, Kyoto, Japan."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","volume-title":"Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) TRACON Air Traffic Control Version User Guide","author":"Endsley M. R.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Endsley M. R., Kiris E. O. (1995). Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) TRACON Air Traffic Control Version User Guide. Texas Tech University."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290600801934"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","volume-title":"Annual safety review 2010","author":"European Aviation Safety Authority (EASA)","year":"2010","unstructured":"European Aviation Safety Authority (EASA). (2010). Annual safety review 2010. Author."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327876mp0601_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","volume-title":"Elementary principles in statistical mechanics: developed with special reference to the rational foundation of thermodynamics","author":"Gibbs J. W","year":"1902","unstructured":"Gibbs J. W. (1902). Elementary principles in statistical mechanics: developed with special reference to the rational foundation of thermodynamics. Dover Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Engineering psychology and cognitive ergonomics","author":"Goillau P. J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Goillau P. J., Kelly C. (1996). Malvern Capacity Estimate (MACE) \u2013 A proposed cognitive measure for complex systems. In Harris D. (Ed.), Engineering psychology and cognitive ergonomics (pp. 219\u2013226). Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2017.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive. (2005). Human factors: Inspectors human factors toolkit. https:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk\/humanfactors\/toolkit.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088402600510"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","volume-title":"Cognitive reliability and error analysis method\u2013CREAM","author":"Hollnagel E","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hollnagel E. (1998). Cognitive reliability and error analysis method\u2013CREAM. Elsevier Science."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","volume-title":"Barriers and accident prevention","author":"Hollnagel E","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hollnagel E. (2004). Barriers and accident prevention. Ashgate."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","volume-title":"FRAM: The functional resonance analysis method: Modelling complex sociotechnical systems","author":"Hollnagel E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hollnagel E. (2012). FRAM: The functional resonance analysis method: Modelling complex sociotechnical systems. CRC Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","volume-title":"Resilience engineering: Concepts and precepts.","author":"Hollnagel E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hollnagel E., Woods D. D., Leveson N.. (Eds.). (2006). Resilience engineering: Concepts and precepts. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Radical systems thinking and the future role of computational modelling in Ergonomics: An exploration of agent-based modelling","author":"Holman M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Holman M., Walker G., Lansdown T., Hulme A. (2019). Radical systems thinking and the future role of computational modelling in Ergonomics: An exploration of agent-based modelling. Ergonomics, 1\u201318.doi:10.1080\/00140139.2019.1694173http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31724486","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.966770"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/782155459"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cplx.20158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cplx.20071"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cplx.20178"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","volume-title":"Cognitive work analysis: Coping with complexity","author":"Jenkins D. P.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jenkins D. P., Stanton N. A., Salmon P. M., Walker G. H. (2009). Cognitive work analysis: Coping with complexity. Ashgate."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","first-page":"1013","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 2,","author":"Jordan C. S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jordan C. S., Farmer E. W., Belyavin A. J. (1995). The DRA Workload Scales (DRAWS): A validated workload assessment technique [Symposium]. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 2, 1013\u20131018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120004400609"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138408963537","article-title":"Fuzzy modelling of stresses in manual lifting tasks","volume":"27","author":"Karwowski W.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Karwowski W., Ayoub M. M. (1984). Fuzzy modelling of stresses in manual lifting tasks. Ergonomics, 27, 641\u2013649.doi:10.1080\/00140138408963537http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6479142","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","volume-title":"Applications of fuzzy set theory in human factors","author":"Karwowski W.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karwowski W., Mital A.. (Eds.). (2014). Applications of fuzzy set theory in human factors (Vol. 6). Elsevier."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","volume-title":"A guide to practical human reliability assessment","author":"Kirwan B","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kirwan B. (1994). A guide to practical human reliability assessment. Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(98)00010-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(98)00011-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b16826"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","unstructured":"Kirwan B. Evans A. Donohoe L. Kilner A. Lamoureux T. Atkinson T. MacKendrick H. (1997). Human Factors in the ATM system design life cycle. http:\/\/www.atmseminar.org\/seminarContent\/seminar1\/papers\/p_007_CDR.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","volume-title":"Cognitive task analysis","author":"Klein G","year":"2000","unstructured":"Klein G. (2000). Cognitive task analysis of teams. In Schraagen J. M., Chipman S. F., Shalin V. L. (Eds.), Cognitive task analysis. Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203489925.ch35"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"HAZOP and HAZAN: Notes on the identification and assessment of hazards","volume":"8","author":"Kletz T","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kletz T. (1974). HAZOP and HAZAN: Notes on the identification and assessment of hazards. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 8, 349\u2013353.","journal-title":"Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203489925.ch52"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2005.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220110104925"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130303520"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7535(03)00047-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Engineering resilience into safety-critical systems","author":"Leveson N.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leveson N., Dulac N., Zipkin D., Cutcher-Gershenfeld J., Carroll J., Barrett B. (2006). Engineering resilience into safety-critical systems. Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts, 95\u2013123.","journal-title":"Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2010.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138908966845"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203489925.ch51"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0014013031000121986"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-010-0160-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_1","volume-title":"Task analysis","author":"Militello L. G.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Militello L. G., Hutton J. B. (2000). Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA): A practitioner\u2019s toolkit for understanding cognitive task demands. In Annett J., Stanton N. S. (Eds.), Task analysis. Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b14774-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781410607775.ch13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_1","volume-title":"The handbook of task analysis for human-computer interaction","author":"Ormerod T. C.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ormerod T. C., Shepherd A. (2003). Using task analysis for information requirements specification: The Sub-Goal Template (SGT) method. In Diaper D., Stanton N. A. (Eds.), The handbook of task analysis for human-computer interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872000779697980"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-017-0426-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_1","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Interact01","author":"Pocock S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pocock S., Harrison M. D., Wright P. C., Johnson P. (2001). THEA: A technique for Human Error Assessment early in design. In Hirose M. (Ed.), Interact01 (pp. 247\u2013254). IOS Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7373(92)90039-N"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130701379055","article-title":"Technical note. Development of a mental workload index: A systems approach","volume":"50","author":"Pretorius A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pretorius A., Cilliers P. J. (2007). Technical note. Development of a mental workload index: A systems approach. Ergonomics, 50, 1503\u20131515.doi:10.1080\/00140130701379055http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17654038","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_1","volume-title":"The railway strategic safety plan 2009\u2013 2014","author":"Rail Safety & Standards Board (RSSB)","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rail Safety & Standards Board (RSSB). (2009). The railway strategic safety plan 2009\u2013 2014. Rail Safety and Standards Board, London."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_1","volume-title":"Cognitive systems engineering","author":"Rasmussen J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rasmussen J., Pejtersen A., Goodstein L. P. (1994). Cognitive systems engineering. Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62387-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130410001686339"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_1","volume-title":"Why things are: how complexity theory answers life\u2019s toughest questions","author":"Roetzheim W","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roetzheim W. (2007). Why things are: how complexity theory answers life\u2019s toughest questions. Level 4."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139308968003","article-title":"Analysing communication in complex distributed decision-making","volume":"36","author":"Rogalski J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rogalski J., Samur\u00e7ay R. (1993). Analysing communication in complex distributed decision-making. Ergonomics, 36, 1329\u20131343.doi:10.1080\/00140139308968003http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8262027","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_1","volume-title":"A subjective rating scale for assessing pilot workload in flight","author":"Roscoe A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Roscoe A., Ellis G. (1990). A subjective rating scale for assessing pilot workload in flight. RAE."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_97_1","volume-title":"Human Computer Interaction International (HCII) Conference","author":"Salmon P.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salmon P., Stanton N., Walker G., Baber C. (2005). Integrating human factors methods: the Ergonomics methods matrix [Conference session]. Human Computer Interaction International (HCII) Conference, Las Vegas, US."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2015.1103385"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118131350"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130010000893"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038588022001007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2005.851262"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(02)00010-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA457293"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-7535(96)00016-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(97)00024-0","article-title":"Is utility in the mind of the beholder? A study of ergonomics methods","volume":"29","author":"Stanton N.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stanton N., Young M. (1998). Is utility in the mind of the beholder? A study of ergonomics methods. Applied Ergonomics, 29, 41\u201354.doi:10.1016\/S0003-6870(97)00024-0http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9769088","journal-title":"Applied Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2005.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_108_1","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Contemporary ergonomics and human factors","author":"Stanton N. A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stanton N. A. (2014a). EAST: A method for investigating social, information and task networks. In Sharples S., Shorrock S. T. (Eds.), Contemporary ergonomics and human factors (Vol. 2014, pp. 395\u2013402). CRC Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2013.772244"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922X.2015.1117688"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2016.1232841"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155534341000400405"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315587394"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2016.1240373","article-title":"Editorial new paradigms in Ergonomics","volume":"60","author":"Stanton N. A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stanton N. A., Salmon P. M., Walker G. H. (2017). Editorial new paradigms in Ergonomics. Ergonomics, 60, 151\u2013156.doi:10.1080\/00140139.2016.1240373http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27809687","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_115_1","volume-title":"Systems Thinking in Practice: Applications of the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork Method","author":"Stanton N. A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stanton N. A., Salmon P. M., Walker G. H. (2019). Systems Thinking in Practice: Applications of the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork Method. CRC Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2017.1278796"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/20298"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_118_1","volume-title":"A Guide to Methodology in Ergonomics: Designing for Human Use","author":"Stanton N. A.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stanton N. A., Young M. S. (1999b). A Guide to Methodology in Ergonomics: Designing for Human Use. Taylor and Francis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(03)00067-X","article-title":"Giving ergonomics away? The application of ergonomics methods by novices","volume":"34","author":"Stanton N. A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stanton N. A., Young M. S. (2003). Giving ergonomics away? The application of ergonomics methods by novices. Applied Ergonomics, 34, 479\u2013490.doi:10.1016\/S0003-6870(03)00067-Xhttp:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12963333","journal-title":"Applied Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b17061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-007-0094-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0950-4230(95)00041-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_123_1","volume-title":"Task analysis","author":"Swezey R. W.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Swezey R. W., Owens J. M., Bergondy M. L., Salas E. (2000). Task and Training Requirements Analysis Methodology (TTRAM): An analytic methodology for identifying potential training uses of simulator networks in teamwork-intensive task environments. In Annett J., Stanton N. (Eds.), Task analysis. Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_124_1","volume-title":"Situational Awareness in Aerospace Operations (AGARD-CP-478).","author":"Taylor R. M","year":"1990","unstructured":"Taylor R. M. (1990, March 1\u201317). Situational Awareness Rating Technique (SART): The development of a tool for aircrew systems design. Situational Awareness in Aerospace Operations (AGARD-CP-478). Neuilly Sur Seine: NATO-AGARD."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.997301"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139608964470"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781410607775.ch19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_128_1","volume-title":"13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles, 30.","author":"Viano D.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Viano D., LeFevre R., Davis R., Evans L., Rasmussen R., Scherba M. (1991). Future opportunities in automotive safety [Conference session]. 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles, 30."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b12457"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129103501812"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_131_1","volume-title":"Complexity: The emerging science at the edge of order and chaos","author":"Waldrop M. M","year":"1992","unstructured":"Waldrop M. M. (1992). Complexity: The emerging science at the edge of order and chaos. Simon & Schuster."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922X.2015.1109732"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2014.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922X.2015.1130879"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203489925.ch30"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2016.1231840"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130903171672"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_138_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measuring dimensions of command and control using social network analysis: Extending the NATO SAS-050 model","volume":"3","author":"Walker G. H.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Walker G. H., Stanton N. A., Revell K., Rafferty L., Salmon P. M., Jenkins D. P. (2009). Measuring dimensions of command and control using social network analysis: Extending the NATO SAS-050 model. International Journal of Command and Control, 3, 1\u201347.","journal-title":"International Journal of Command and Control"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_139_1","volume-title":"Command and control: The sociotechnical perspective","author":"Walker G. H.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Walker G. H., Stanton N. A., Salmon P. M., Jenkins D. P. (2009). Command and control: The sociotechnical perspective. Farnham."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_140_1","volume-title":"Command and control: The sociotechnical perspective","author":"Walker G. H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Walker G. H., Stanton N. A., Salmon P. M., Jenkins D. P. (2010). Command and control: The sociotechnical perspective. Ashgate."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2010.513453"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_142_1","volume-title":"Task analysis","author":"Watts L. A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Watts L. A., Monk A. F. (2000). Reasoning about tasks, activities and technology to support collaboration. In Annett J., Stanton N. (Eds.), Task analysis. Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220500090158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315665177"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315587332-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_146_1","volume-title":"9th Advances in Reliability Technology Symposium","author":"Williams J. C","year":"1986","unstructured":"Williams J. C. (1986). HEART \u2013 A proposed method for assessing and reducing human error. 9th Advances in Reliability Technology Symposium, University of Bradford."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b18362"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220110037452"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_150_1","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Tasks, errors and mental models","author":"Woods D. D","year":"1988","unstructured":"Woods D. D. (1988). Coping with complexity: The psychology of human behaviour in complex systems. In Goodstein L. P., Andersen H. B., Olsen S. E. (Eds.), Tasks, errors and mental models (pp. 128\u2013148). Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315568935"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_152_1","volume-title":"Development of the human error template \u2013 A new methodology for assessing design induced errors on aircraft flight decks","author":"Young M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Young M., Harris D., Dekker S. (2003). Development of the human error template \u2013 A new methodology for assessing design induced errors on aircraft flight decks. Cranfield University."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.956151"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720820926875","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0018720820926875","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720820926875","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720820926875","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:52:32Z","timestamp":1777449152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720820926875"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"references-count":153,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720820926875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720820926875","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]}}}