{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:00:34Z","timestamp":1777669234916,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,22]],"date-time":"2020-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598054400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008421","name":"electric power research institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10008884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10008884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective was to determine the effect of two head-mounted display (HMD) augmented reality (AR) devices on muscle activity and eye strain of electric utility workers. The AR devices were the Microsoft HoloLens and RealWear HMT-1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The HoloLens is an optical see-through device. The HMT-1 has a small display that is mounted to the side of one eye of the user.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve power plant operators and 13 manhole workers conducted their normal procedural tasks on-site in three conditions: HoloLens, HMT-1, and \u201cNo AR\u201d (regular method). Duration of test trials ranged up to 30 s for operators and up to 10 min for manhole workers. Mean and peak values of surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals from eight neck muscles were measured. A small eye camera measured blink rate of the right eye.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In general, there were no differences in sEMG activity between the AR and \u201cNo AR\u201d conditions for both groups of workers. For the manhole workers, the HoloLens blink rate was 8 to 11 blinks per min lower than the HMT-1 in two tasks and 6.5 fewer than \u201cNo AR\u201d in one task. Subjective assessment of the two AR devices did not vary in general.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The decrease in blink rate with the HoloLens may expose utility manhole workers to risk of eye strain or dry-eye syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HMD AR devices should be tested thoroughly with respect to risk of eye strain before deployment by manhole workers for long-duration procedural work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720820943710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,23]],"date-time":"2020-08-23T01:46:21Z","timestamp":1598147181000},"page":"305-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Do Head-Mounted Augmented Reality Devices Affect Muscle Activity and Eye Strain of Utility Workers Who Do Procedural Work? Studies of Operators and Manhole Workers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"64","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Richard W.","family":"Marklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Ashley M.","family":"Toll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milwaukee Tool Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Eric H.","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute), Palo Alto, California, USA"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Simmins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred University, New York, USA"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"John F.","family":"LaDisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018720820943710","first-page":"114","volume":"6","author":"Abelson M. B.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Review of ophthalmology"},{"key":"bibr4-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTO.S142718"},{"key":"bibr2-0018720820943710","volume-title":"Primary anatomy","author":"Basmajian J. V","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr3-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.02.008"},{"key":"bibr5-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720818824464"},{"key":"bibr6-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2010.544442"},{"key":"bibr7-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2019.2914517"},{"key":"bibr8-0018720820943710","unstructured":"EPRI. (2018). Program on technical innovation\u2013literature review of human factors issues in the electric power industry.\n                      EPRI Technical Update 3002012532\n                      . E. Bauman and J. Simmins, Program Managers."},{"key":"bibr11-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2011.01.001"},{"key":"bibr9-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2011.6092386"},{"key":"bibr10-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181657d0d"},{"key":"bibr12-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2010.07.006"},{"key":"bibr13-0018720820943710","first-page":"45","volume":"95","author":"Porter M. E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"bibr14-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720818814957"},{"key":"bibr15-0018720820943710","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"Rosenfeld M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optometry in Practice"},{"key":"bibr16-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138608967266"},{"key":"bibr17-0018720820943710","unstructured":"Strange A. (March 12, 2019). Microsoft\u2019s HoloLens 2 Team answers more questions about biometric security, audio, & hand tracking. New Reality. https:\/\/hololens.reality.news\/news\/microsofts-hololens-2-team-answers-more-questions-about-biometric-security-audio-hand-tracking-0194712\/"},{"key":"bibr18-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/642611.642626"},{"key":"bibr19-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199302253280817"},{"key":"bibr22-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1415504"},{"key":"bibr20-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327590IJHC1603_7"},{"key":"bibr21-0018720820943710","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2007.09.004"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720820943710","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0018720820943710","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0018720820943710","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:52:37Z","timestamp":1777449157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0018720820943710"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,22]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0018720820943710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720820943710","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,22]]}}}