{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T10:39:56Z","timestamp":1783247996103,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2017-04387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2017-04387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two studies were conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire to estimate individual susceptibility to visually induced motion sickness (VIMS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VIMS is a common side-effect when watching dynamic visual content from various sources, such as virtual reality, movie theaters, or smartphones. A reliable questionnaire predicting individual susceptibility to VIMS is currently missing. The aim was to fill this gap by introducing the Visually Induced Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (VIMSSQ).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A survey and an experimental study were conducted. Survey: The VIMSSQ investigated the frequency of nausea, headache, dizziness, fatigue, and eyestrain when using different visual devices. Data were collected from a survey of 322 participants for the VIMSSQ and other related phenomena such as migraine. Experimental study: 23 participants were exposed to a VIMS-inducing visual stimulus. Participants filled out the VIMSSQ together with other questionnaires and rated their level of VIMS using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Survey: The most prominent symptom when using visual devices was eyestrain, and females reported more VIMS than males. A one-factor solution with good scale reliability was found for the VIMSSQ. Experimental study: Regression analyses suggested that the VIMSSQ can be useful in predicting VIMS ( R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = .34) as measured by the SSQ, particularly when combined with questions pertaining to the tendency to avoid visual displays and experience syncope ( R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = .59).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We generated normative data for the VIMSSQ and demonstrated its validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The VIMSSQ can become a valuable tool to estimate one\u2019s susceptibility to VIMS based on self-reports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208211008687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T22:21:18Z","timestamp":1618870878000},"page":"107-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["The Visually Induced Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (VIMSSQ): Estimating Individual Susceptibility to Motion Sickness-Like Symptoms When Using Visual Devices"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Behrang","family":"Keshavarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Canada"},{"name":"Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandy","family":"Murovec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Canada"},{"name":"Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niroshica","family":"Mohanathas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Golding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Westminster, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2009-0497"},{"key":"bibr2-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1992.1.1.133"},{"key":"bibr3-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-150541"},{"key":"bibr4-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2007.09.002"},{"key":"bibr5-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.11.007"},{"key":"bibr6-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2005.05.031"},{"key":"bibr7-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5287-z"},{"key":"bibr8-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.04.013"},{"key":"bibr9-00187208211008687","first-page":"383","volume":"78","author":"Bubka A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"bibr10-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(98)00038-6"},{"key":"bibr11-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474699566152"},{"key":"bibr12-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2020.1726108"},{"key":"bibr14-00187208211008687","first-page":"13","volume":"72","author":"Dobie T.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"bibr15-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.12.039"},{"key":"bibr16-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474602317473259"},{"key":"bibr17-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/1054746042545283"},{"key":"bibr13-00187208211008687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-5009-1"},{"key":"bibr18-00187208211008687","first-page":"642","volume":"76","author":"Flanagan M. 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