{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:04:16Z","timestamp":1777669456163,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore how individual characteristics influence selected lumbar support prominence (LSP), seated lumbar flexion, seatback average pressure, contact area, and center of pressure (CoP) location before and after 1 hr of driving.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An LSP can alter posture and may reduce low back pain during prolonged driving. Although LSP preference varies across individuals and may change over time, few investigations have explored the time-varying response to individually selected adjustable seat parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty individuals selected LSP settings in an automotive seat through a series of systematic adjustment trials. The average LSP setting was fixed for a 1-hr driving simulation, followed by one final adjustment trial. Regressions were performed between individual characteristics and selected LSP, lumbar posture, and measures of seatback pressure from the initial adjustment trials. ANOVAs were performed to determine the effect of time and sex on these dependent variables. Discomfort was also monitored throughout the protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individual\u2019s standing lumbar lordosis, selected LSP, and height and mass were significant predictors for seated lumbar flexion, seatback average pressure, and contact area, respectively. Discomfort levels remained low; however, following the driving protocol, individuals altered their posture to decrease lumbar flexion and increase seatback average pressure without significant adjustments to the LSP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight individual characteristics to consider in automotive seat design and that the method for determining LSP settings may facilitate appropriate LSP selection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic method to determine LSP settings may reduce discomfort and automate seat adjustments, such that only short-term postural adjustments may be required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208211042776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T22:29:52Z","timestamp":1632781792000},"page":"1394-1406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Moving Toward Individual-Specific Automotive Seat Design: How Individual Characteristics and Time Alter the Selected Lumbar Support Prominence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Jessa M.","family":"Buchman-Pearle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"given":"Kayla M.","family":"Fewster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0412-4663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan L.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2299-4299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack P.","family":"Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.67B4.4030863"},{"key":"bibr2-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318067dccb"},{"key":"bibr3-00187208211042776","first-page":"26","volume":"12","author":"Alperovitch-Najenson D.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Israel Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"bibr4-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199212000-00007"},{"key":"bibr6-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197761128133"},{"key":"bibr5-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197901000-00009"},{"key":"bibr7-00187208211042776","first-page":"421","volume":"66","author":"Babyak M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"bibr8-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.MSWBVI-02"},{"key":"bibr9-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/OER-2010-0180"},{"key":"bibr10-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.881"},{"key":"bibr11-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000228728.11076.82"},{"key":"bibr12-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2011.08.002"},{"key":"bibr13-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2011.12.007"},{"key":"bibr14-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815584866"},{"key":"bibr15-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2009.11.008"},{"key":"bibr16-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(02)00023-2"},{"key":"bibr17-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2010-0953"},{"key":"bibr18-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-012-0281-1"},{"key":"bibr19-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2020.103198"},{"key":"bibr20-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2015.07.015"},{"key":"bibr21-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/48.3.153"},{"key":"bibr22-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-002-0464-0"},{"key":"bibr23-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815593184"},{"key":"bibr24-00187208211042776","unstructured":"Insurance Bureau of Canada. (2002). Report on head restraint positioning. Toronto, ON, Canada: Insurance Bureau of Canada. Retrieved from www.ibc.ca\/on\/."},{"key":"bibr25-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195335030-00007"},{"key":"bibr26-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130802559019"},{"key":"bibr27-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720809335673"},{"key":"bibr28-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2004.01.007"},{"key":"bibr29-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53868-0.50018-6"},{"key":"bibr30-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120004402981"},{"key":"bibr31-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.11.031"},{"key":"bibr32-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-10-17"},{"key":"bibr33-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000068243.63203.A8"},{"key":"bibr34-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(92)90007-Q"},{"key":"bibr35-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.01.014"},{"key":"bibr36-00187208211042776","first-page":"69","volume":"24","author":"Mukaka M. M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malawi Medical Journal: The Journal of Medical Association of Malawi"},{"key":"bibr38-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2006.01.006"},{"key":"bibr39-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2003-01-2213"},{"key":"bibr37-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2005.04.004"},{"key":"bibr40-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2014-01-0456"},{"key":"bibr41-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2020-0238"},{"key":"bibr42-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.036095"},{"key":"bibr43-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/52.1.4"},{"key":"bibr44-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/960478"},{"key":"bibr45-00187208211042776","volume-title":"Survey of auto seat design recommendations for improved comfort","author":"Reed M. P.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr46-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130701220341"},{"key":"bibr47-00187208211042776","first-page":"29","author":"Roe R. W.","year":"1999","journal-title":"SAE Technical Papers, 1999-01\u201309"},{"key":"bibr48-00187208211042776","first-page":"15","author":"Schneider L. W.","year":"1999","journal-title":"SAE Technical Papers, 1999-01\u201309"},{"key":"bibr49-00187208211042776","volume-title":"Development of anthropometrically based design specifications for an advanced adult anthropomorphic dummy family, volume 1 final report","author":"Schneider L. W.","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr50-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X0102100106"},{"key":"bibr51-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198205000-00008"},{"key":"bibr52-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199904150-00005"},{"key":"bibr53-00187208211042776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2019.1617455"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00187208211042776","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00187208211042776","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00187208211042776","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:52:59Z","timestamp":1777449179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00187208211042776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00187208211042776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00187208211042776","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]}}}