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Pictogram size and text size of icons influence the usability of apps, especially by aged users. However, few studies have investigated the influences of different pictogram and text size combinations on readability, legibility, and visual search performance for older adults.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study used eye-tracking technology to investigate the effects of different pictogram and text size combinations as well as familiarity on readability, legibility, and visual search performance for older adults. A 3 (pictogram size) \u00d7 3 (text size) \u00d7 2 (familiarity) repeated-measures experimental design was used.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results of this study suggest that pictogram size and text size significantly affect visual search performance and that familiarity moderates the effect of text size on distribution of fixation duration proportion for text and pictograms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Large pictogram and text sizes improved the readability and legibility of icons for older adults. Furthermore, the older adults fixated the area of text prior to pictograms when the pictogram size was larger than 72 \u00d7 72 px (1.38\u00b0 \u00d7 1.38\u00b0) in the visual search task.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results of this study suggest using different combinations of pictogram and text sizes for older adults under different scenarios. The findings of this study act as practical support for designers and developers of mobile apps for older adults.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208211061938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T06:53:21Z","timestamp":1640933601000},"page":"1577-1595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Designing Combinations of Pictogram and Text Size for Icons: Effects of Text Size, Pictogram Size, and Familiarity on Older Adults\u2019 Visual Search Performance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0745-8896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanhua","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pan Tianshou College of Architecture, Art and Design,Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9819-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Art and Communication, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2007.00123.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"Material design","author":"Android","year":"2019","unstructured":"Android (2019) Material design. https:\/\/material.io\/design\/iconography\/product-icons.ht-ml#design-principles.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872089003200508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1541545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5819(03)00121-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"The effects of font type and size on the legibil-ity and reading time of online text by older adults. 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