{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T06:10:38Z","timestamp":1740809438958,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NASA HHPC","award":["NNJ15HK11B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNJ15HK11B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p> The objective is to analytically determine the expected CG and build hardware to measure and verify the suited subject\u2019s CG for lunar extravehicular activity (EVA) training in an underwater environment. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> For lunar EVAs, it is necessary for astronauts to train with a spacesuit in a simulated partial gravity environment. NASA\u2019s Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) can provide these conditions by producing negative buoyancy for a submerged suited subject. However, it is critical that the center of gravity (CG) for the human-spacesuit system to be accurate for conditions expected during planetary EVAs. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> An underwater force-transducer system and individualized human-spacesuit model was created to provide real-time measurement of CG, including recommendations for weight placement locations and quantity of weight needed on the spacesuit to achieve a realistic lunar spacesuit CG. This method was tested with four suited subjects. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Across tested weighout configurations, it was observed that an aft and high CG location will have large postural differences when compared to low and fore CG locations, highlighting the importance of having a proper CG. The system had an accuracy of \u00b15lbs of the total lunar weight and within \u00b1 15\u00a0cm for fore-aft and left-right CG directions of the model predictions. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> The developed method offers analytical verification of the suited subject\u2019s CG and improves simulation quality of lunar EVAs. Future suit design can also benefit by recommending hardware changes to create ideal CG locations that improve balance and mobility. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Application<\/jats:title><jats:p> The developed methodology can be used to verify a proper CG location in future planetary EVA simulations such as different reduced gravity training analogs (e.g. active cable offloading systems). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208211070635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T12:19:10Z","timestamp":1645618750000},"page":"1029-1045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Spacesuit Center of Gravity Assessments for Partial Gravity EVA Simulation in an Underwater Environment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8414-7901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linh Q.","family":"Vu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MEI Technologies, Houston, TX, USA"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA"}]},{"given":"K. Han","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leidos Innovations, Houston, TX, USA"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Inc, Houston, TX, USA"}]},{"given":"Sudhakar L.","family":"Rajulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00187208211070635","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130600757237"},{"key":"bibr2-00187208211070635","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2003.810433"},{"volume-title":"Final report of NEEMO 14: Evaluation of a space exploration vehicle, cargo lander, and crew lander during simulated partial-gravity exploration and construction tasks","year":"2011","author":"Chappell SP","key":"bibr3-00187208211070635"},{"volume-title":"Human Research Program Investigators Workshop","year":"2009","author":"Chappell SP","key":"bibr4-00187208211070635"},{"volume-title":"Final report of the integrated parabolic flight test: Effects of varying gravity, center of gravity, and mass on the movement biomechanics and operator compensation of ambulation and exploration tasks","year":"2010","author":"Chappell SP","key":"bibr5-00187208211070635"},{"volume-title":"A mathematical model to predict and maintain the neutral buoyancy of suited astronauts","year":"2006","author":"Clowers K","key":"bibr6-00187208211070635"},{"key":"bibr7-00187208211070635","unstructured":"Davis K., Meginnis I. 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