{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:03:43Z","timestamp":1777669423664,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650672000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effect of handrail cross-section on the speed and quality of reach-to-grasp movements following balance loss in younger and older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Grasping a handrail is a common strategy for balance recovery. For handrails to be effective, the design must enable fast and accurate reactive grasping. Little is known about the effect of handrail cross-section on the timing or quality of the reach-to-grasp movement following balance loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-four younger and 16 older adults experienced incrementally increasing magnitudes of perturbations in the forward and backward direction until they were no longer able to recover balance. We analyzed the last trial where the participant could recover using only the handrail, without stepping or relying on the harness, the maximum withstood perturbation (MWP). Seven handrail cross-sections were tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Handrail cross-section did not affect the speed or timing of the reach-to-grasp reaction for younger or older adults. However, handrail cross-section affected the MWP, the grip types used, and the likelihood of making an error or adjustment when grasping. The greatest MWP and fewest errors occurred with 1.5\u201d round handrails.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The absence of common strategies for accurately grasping complex shapes (reaching more slowly), combined with the higher frequency of errors with larger handrails, suggests that both older and younger adults prioritized quickly reaching the handrail over prehension during reach-to-grasp balance reactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work provides new insights on the effect of age and handrail cross-sectional design on reach-to-grasp reactions to recover balance, which can inform safer handrail design standards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208221082439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T00:45:29Z","timestamp":1650761129000},"page":"56-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effect of Handrail Cross-Sectional Design and Age on the Speed and Quality of Reach-To-Grasp Reactions to Recover Balance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Philippa","family":"Gosine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute \u2013 University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3504-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicki","family":"Komisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, 1137 Alumni Ave, Kelowna, BC, Canada, V1V 1V7"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison C.","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute \u2013 University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00187208221082439","first-page":"1449","volume-title":"Comprehensive physiology","author":"Arbib M. A.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr2-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.1.P1"},{"key":"bibr3-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1996.9941744"},{"key":"bibr5-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.08.013"},{"key":"bibr6-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls116"},{"key":"bibr7-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-012-3051-6"},{"key":"bibr8-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.025"},{"key":"bibr9-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2014.06.004"},{"key":"bibr10-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1981.10479327"},{"key":"bibr11-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2015.2470657"},{"key":"bibr12-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-0959-3"},{"key":"bibr13-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.102900"},{"key":"bibr14-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110788"},{"key":"bibr15-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2020.103317"},{"key":"bibr16-00187208221082439","author":"Gosine P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"bibr17-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(97)00114-0"},{"key":"bibr18-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1984.10735319"},{"key":"bibr19-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2010.07.005"},{"key":"bibr20-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.102873"},{"key":"bibr21-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.10.002"},{"key":"bibr22-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050241"},{"key":"bibr24-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000512"},{"key":"bibr25-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.06.031"},{"key":"bibr26-00187208221082439","volume-title":"National building code of Canada 2015","author":"National Research Council Canada","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr27-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.10.026"},{"key":"bibr28-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200109170-00014"},{"key":"bibr29-00187208221082439","volume-title":"Falls & related injuries among older Canadians: Fall-related hospitalizations & prevention initiatives","author":"Scott V.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr30-00187208221082439","first-page":"145","volume":"10","author":"Swanson A. B.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bulletin of Prosthetics Research"},{"key":"bibr31-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720809355969"},{"key":"bibr32-00187208221082439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf141"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00187208221082439","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00187208221082439","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00187208221082439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:53:15Z","timestamp":1777449195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00187208221082439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00187208221082439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00187208221082439","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]]}}}