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In-flight safety research, visually scanning cockpit instruments, and detecting changes are critical countermeasures against SD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty male military pilots were performing a dual task involving piloting a flight simulator and visual change detection, while eye movements were obtained using an eye tracker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pilots made more flight errors and spent less time gazing at the area of change in SD-conflict than in non-conflict flights. The vestibular origin SD-conflict led not only to deteriorated piloting and visual scanning but also to problems coordinating overt and covert attention, resulting in lower noticeability of visual changes despite gazing at them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study shows that looking at a given area in space is not a sufficient condition for effective covert attention allocation and the correct response to a visual stimulus. It seems to be important to make pilots aware of this during SD training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To reduce change blindness, some strategies, such as reducing the number of secondary tasks is extremely valuable. Particular efforts should also be focused on improving the design of the aircraft cockpit by increasing the conspicuousness of critical information.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208221093827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T19:55:10Z","timestamp":1652903710000},"page":"317-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An Attentive Blank Stare Under Simulator-induced Spatial Disorientation Events"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6769-2975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Fudali-Czy\u017c","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3691-6558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Lewkowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-9876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Francuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6911-6827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Str\u00f3\u017cak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4039-4580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Augustynowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9351-0891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaf","family":"Truszczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5066-7493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bibianna","family":"Ba\u0142aj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2015.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-018-0534-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0519-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"RTO HFM symposium on spatial disorientation in military vehicles: Causes, consequences and cures, KN","author":"Benson A. 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