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Investigations that combine the fidelity of neural indices and the field-readiness of physiological measures can facilitate measurements of fatigue states in operational settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen healthy adults, balanced by sex, completed a 60-minute fatiguing visuospatial working memory task. Changes in task performance, subjective measures of effort and fatigue, cerebral hemodynamics, and HR\/HRV were analyzed. Peak brain activation, functional and effective connections within relevant brain networks were contrasted against spectral and temporal features of HR\/HRV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Task performance elicited increased neural activation in regions responsible for maintaining working memory capacity. With the onset of\n                      <jats:italic>time-on-task<\/jats:italic>\n                      effects, resource utilization was seen to increase beyond task-relevant networks. Over time, functional connections in the prefrontal cortex were seen to weaken, with changes in the causal relationships between key regions known to drive working memory. HR\/HRV indices were seen to closely follow activity in the prefrontal cortex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This investigation provided a window into the neurophysiological underpinnings of working memory under the\n                      <jats:italic>time-on-task<\/jats:italic>\n                      effect. HR\/HRV was largely shown to mirror changes in cortical networks responsible for working memory, therefore supporting the possibility of unobtrusive state recognition under ecologically valid conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Applications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings here can inform the development of a fieldable index for cognitive fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208221094900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T20:35:51Z","timestamp":1652906151000},"page":"528-543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A Window Into the Tired Brain: Neurophysiological Dynamics of Visuospatial Working Memory Under Fatigue"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Rohith","family":"Karthikeyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Carrizales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8254-8365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranjana K.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08959285.2010.517720"},{"issue":"848","key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Exploring neuro-physiological correlates of drivers\u2019 mental fatigue caused by sleep deprivation using simultaneous EEG, ECG, and fNIRS data","volume":"10","author":"Ahn S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahn S., Nguyen T., Jang H., Kim J. 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