{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T20:34:38Z","timestamp":1785530078485,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Research Fund on Insurance Matters in Israel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A driving simulator study was conducted to test the effect of directions pavement markings (DPMs) on drivers\u2019 performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The perception of traditional direction signs may be less efficient than that of DPMs because drivers allocate more attentional resources to the road than to any other location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two experimental conditions of DPMs were tested: (a) the name of the lane\u2019s destination town, inscribed in white letters; (b) red and white shields enclosing the name of the lane\u2019s destination town. In both conditions, the name or shield was preceded by a white arrow and traditional road signs were presented as well. The experimental conditions were compared to a baseline condition, which consisted of traditional road signs only. Various scenarios of three-lane highways were simulated and the number of vehicles on the road was manipulated, forming a 2 \u00d7 3 design (two load conditions \u00d7 three experimental conditions). Twenty-two participants took part in the experiment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pavement markings in both configurations were highly beneficial. Compared with the baseline condition, in both experimental conditions, the drivers noticed the correct lane sooner and moved to the correct lane earlier. Results also suggested that white markings are more beneficial than shield markings; however, this finding should be further confirmed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lane DPMS are desirable as they are likely to improve traffic safety at relatively low cost.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regulations demanding the presence of DPMs, at the very least in low visibility decision sites, would increase traffic safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208221099137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T12:24:32Z","timestamp":1653913472000},"page":"562-573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Effect of Lane Direction Pavement Markings on Driving Performance and Safety: A Driving Simulator Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Hadas","family":"Marciano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making (IIPDM), Ergonomics and Human Factors Unit, University of Haifa, Israel and Department of Psychology, Tel-Hai College, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981211011168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000863"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30880\/ijie.2020.12.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","volume-title":"Field evaluations and driver comprehension studies of horizontal signing (No. FHWA\/TX-05\/0-4471-2)","author":"Chrysler S. T.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chrysler S. T., Schrock S. D. (2005). Field evaluations and driver comprehension studies of horizontal signing (No. FHWA\/TX-05\/0-4471-2). Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A & M University System."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","unstructured":"Colucci B. Vald\u00e9s D. (2017). Phase III: Operational and safety-based analyses of varied toll lanes."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2103-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2250-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2020.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10407413.2011.566034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720814556309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14311\/APP.2017.12.0068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138608968317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","unstructured":"Pour-Rouholamin M. Zhou H. Shaw J. Tobias P. (2015). Current practices of safety countermeasures for wrong-way driving crashes. In Transportation Research Board 94th Annual Meeting (No. 15-3648)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/mojce.2018.04.00100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088302500111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the use of pavement marking symbols at freeway interchanges: Final report","author":"Ullman B. R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ullman B. R., Finley M. D., Chrysler S. T., Trout N. D., Nelson A. A., Young S. (2010). Guidelines for the use of pavement marking symbols at freeway interchanges: Final report (No. FHWA\/TX-10\/0-5890-1). FHWA\/TX-10\/05890-1. 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