{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:11:30Z","timestamp":1777669890882,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nordic Way 3","award":["2018- EU-TM-0026-S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018- EU-TM-0026-S"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001858","name":"VINNOVA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-01523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-01523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013178","name":"Swedish Transport Administration","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["(TRV 2020\/25755)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(TRV 2020\/25755)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013178","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated drivers\u2019 move-over behavior when receiving an Emergency Vehicle Approaching (EVA) warning. Furthermore, the possible effects of false alarms, driver experience, and modality on move-over behavior were explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EVA warnings are one solution to encourage drivers to move over for emergency vehicles in a safe and timely manner. EVA warnings are distributed based on the predicted path of the emergency vehicle causing a risk of false alarms. Previous EVA studies have suggested a difference between inexperienced and experienced drivers\u2019 move-over behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A driving simulator study was conducted with 110 participants, whereof 54 inexperienced and 56 experienced drivers. They were approached by an emergency vehicle three times. A control group received no EVA warnings, whereas the experimental groups received either true or false warnings, auditory or visual, 15\u00a0seconds before the emergency vehicle overtook them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drivers who received EVA warnings moved over more quickly for the emergency vehicle compared to the control group. Drivers moved over more quickly for each emergency vehicle interaction. False alarms impaired move-over behavior. No difference in driver behavior based on driver experience or modality was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EVA warnings positively affect drivers\u2019 move-over behavior. However, false alarms can decrease drivers\u2019 future willingness to comply with the warning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings regarding measurements of delay can be used to optimize the design of future EVA systems. Moreover, this research should be used to further understand the effect of false alarms in in-car warnings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208231216835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T15:12:41Z","timestamp":1701270761000},"page":"2518-2527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["False Alarm Effects in Early Warnings for Emergency Vehicles: Exploring Drivers\u2019 Move-Over Behavior"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9724-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kajsa","family":"Weibull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Lidestam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5943-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Prytz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/0018720024497925"},{"key":"bibr2-00187208231216835","volume-title":"Cry wolf: The psychology of false alarms","volume":"1984","author":"Breznitz S.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr3-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120104500451"},{"key":"bibr4-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088002200607"},{"key":"bibr5-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130701318780"},{"key":"bibr8-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2021.103141"},{"key":"bibr9-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872097778543930"},{"key":"bibr10-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.035"},{"key":"bibr11-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2020.01.018"},{"key":"bibr12-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720818786132"},{"key":"bibr13-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.01.021"},{"key":"bibr14-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872008X250557"},{"issue":"19","key":"bibr15-00187208231216835","volume":"2","author":"Lidestam B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Sustainable Cities"},{"key":"bibr16-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.02.002"},{"key":"bibr17-00187208231216835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401397188224"},{"key":"bibr18-00187208231216835","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics","volume":"11","author":"Patterson R. 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