{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:10:14Z","timestamp":1777669814361,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020","award":["723395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["723395"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated how different deceleration intentions (i.e. an automated vehicle either decelerated for leading traffic or yielded for pedestrians) and a novel (Slow Pulsing Light Band \u2013 SPLB) or familiar (Flashing Headlights \u2013 FH) external Human Machine Interface (eHMI) informed pedestrians\u2019 crossing behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The introduction of SAE Level 4 Automated Vehicles (AVs) has recently fuelled interest in new forms of explicit communication via eHMIs, to improve the interaction between AVs and surrounding road users. Before implementing these eHMIs, it is necessary to understand how pedestrians use them to inform their crossing decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty participants took part in the study using a Head-Mounted Display. The independent variables were deceleration intentions and eHMI design. The percentage of crossings, collision frequency and crossing initiation time across trials were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pedestrians were able to identify the intentions of a decelerating vehicle, using implicit cues, with more crossings made when the approaching vehicles were yielding to them. They were also more likely to cross when a familiar eHMI was presented, compared to a novel one or no eHMI, regardless of the vehicle\u2019s intention. Finally, participants learned to take a more cautious approach as trials progressed, and not to base their decisions solely on the eHMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A familiar eHMI led to early crossings regardless of the vehicle\u2019s intention but also led to a higher collision frequency than a novel eHMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To achieve safe and acceptable interactions with AVs, it is important to provide eHMIs that are congruent with road users\u2019 expectations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208241272070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T13:49:29Z","timestamp":1724420969000},"page":"264-279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hello, is it me you\u2019re Stopping for? The Effect of external Human Machine Interface Familiarity on Pedestrians\u2019 Crossing Behaviour in an Ambiguous Situation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Yee Mun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds, UK"}]},{"given":"Vladislav","family":"Sidorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds, UK"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Madigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds, UK"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Garcia de Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds, UK"}]},{"given":"Gustav","family":"Markkula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds, UK"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Merat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds, UK"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00187208241272070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2019.03.006"},{"key":"bibr2-00187208241272070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2019.10.013"},{"key":"bibr3-00187208241272070","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th international conference on automotive user interfaces and interactive vehicular applications adjunct \u2013automotive UI \u201917","author":"B\u00f6ckle M.-P.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr4-00187208241272070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.11.007"},{"key":"bibr5-00187208241272070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p170623"},{"key":"bibr6-00187208241272070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3122986.3122989"},{"key":"bibr7-00187208241272070","first-page":"1","author":"Clamann M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 96th Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting, Washington, DC, USA,"},{"key":"bibr8-00187208241272070","unstructured":"Daimler A. 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