{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:12:06Z","timestamp":1777669926367,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the impact of secondary task performance on contextual blindness arising from the suppression and masking of temporal and spatial sequence learning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dual-task scenarios can lead to a diminished ability to use environmental cues to guide attention, a phenomenon that is related to multitasking-induced inattentional blindness. This research aims to extend the theoretical understanding of how secondary tasks can impair attention and memory processes in sequence learning and access.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted three experiments. In Experiment 1, we used a serial reaction time task to investigate the impact of a secondary tone counting task on temporal sequence learning. In Experiment 2, we used a contextual cueing task to examine the effects of dual-task performance on spatial cueing. In Experiment 3, we integrated and extended these concepts to a simulated driving task.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across the experiments, the performance of a secondary task consistently suppressed (all experiments) and masked task learning (experiments 1 and 3). In the serial response and spatial search tasks, dual-task conditions reduced the accrual of sequence knowledge and impaired knowledge expression. In the driving simulation, similar patterns of learning suppression from multitasking were also observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that secondary tasks can significantly suppress and mask sequence learning in complex tasks, leading to a form of contextual blindness characterized by impairments in the ability to use environmental cues to guide attention and anticipate future events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings have implications for both skill acquisition and skilled performance in complex domains such as driving, aviation, manufacturing, and human\u2013computer interaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208241274040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T16:29:55Z","timestamp":1724430595000},"page":"225-245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multitasking Induced Contextual Blindness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Joel M.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MEA Forensic, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Strayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12346"},{"key":"bibr2-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981221096666"},{"key":"bibr3-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01476-5"},{"key":"bibr4-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1998.0681"},{"key":"bibr5-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"bibr37-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198120923660"},{"key":"bibr6-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555343415573911"},{"key":"bibr7-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004260050015"},{"key":"bibr8-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.25.1.260"},{"key":"bibr9-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024338"},{"key":"bibr10-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xlm0001193"},{"key":"bibr11-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(97)00029-8"},{"key":"bibr12-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03203619"},{"key":"bibr13-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720820938893"},{"key":"bibr14-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00095-7"},{"key":"bibr15-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79232-y"},{"key":"bibr16-00187208241274040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/aicr.48.15jia"},{"key":"bibr17-00187208241274040","first-page":"59","author":"Jiang Y. 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