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We applied systematic analysis combining topic modeling (BERTopic) and qualitative coding of think-aloud interviews and statistical analysis of questionnaire responses.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Four user types were segmented by attitude (Dynamic vs. Conservative) and car type (EV vs. ICV owners). Text analysis revealed varying frequencies of concerns across user types regarding driving contexts, functional aspects, and affective aspects of AX. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among user types in sporty preferences and perceptions of affective properties (Sporty, Stylish, Comfort, and Calm). Driving contexts significantly influenced perceived Stylish and Calm characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study provides empirical evidence and design implications for customized AX in EVs design based on user characteristics and driving contexts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The findings can guide the development of personalized AX systems in EVs, enhancing both user satisfaction and safety through context-aware and user-centered design approaches.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208251335149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:31:38Z","timestamp":1745425898000},"page":"1188-1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Exploratory Study on Auditory Experience in Electric Vehicles: Understanding User Characteristics and Driving Contexts Through Real-Driving Experiments"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3290-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yein","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0667-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dain","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8714-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8554-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myung Hwan","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3025499"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/208812"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2012.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2016.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2017.1323121"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.04.028"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Improvement of heart rate variability analysis for sound design","volume":"10","author":"Date Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Date Y., Ishimitsu S., Yamagiwa N. 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