{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:17:27Z","timestamp":1761092247415,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"UConn Third Bridge Grant","award":["6208130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6208130"]}]},{"name":"UConn START PPOC","award":["UConn Firefighter Partner Locator"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UConn Firefighter Partner Locator"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014206","name":"Dell Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UConn Firefighter Partner Locator Project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UConn Firefighter Partner Locator Project"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study investigates the utility of providing haptic guidance in a firefighter navigation system (FNS) for zero-visibility search and rescue operations, and the impact on situation awareness (SA).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Firefighters often encounter the challenge of navigating in zero-visibility conditions and needing to egress structures by navigating a reverse path of travel from memory. Their reliance on memory and limited spatial awareness under these conditions increases the risk of error, injury, and fatality, particularly as path complexity increases.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Eighteen active-duty firefighters traversed inbound paths of varying complexity into a single-story building while blindfolded. Participants then attempted to egress along the same path using either their Standard Operating Procedures, or while aided by the FNS. The FNS presented vibrations on a waist-worn belt to communicate turn-by-turn guidance along the egress path as well as spatial information to help orient participants to the direction of task-relevant target locations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Firefighters using the FNS were more likely to successfully retrace their inbound path, less likely to wander off-path, and maintained better SA. These beneficial effects were more pronounced with greater path complexity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The FNS reduced firefighters\u2019 spatial disorientation and improved both egress efficiency and SA under simulated zero-visibility conditions commonly found in structural firefighting.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Equipping firefighters with a haptic navigation system has the potential to improve firefighting capability while increasing the safety of both firefighters and those being rescued. The methodology developed here can serve as a framework for future testing and analysis of haptic navigation systems in field conditions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208251348020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T04:47:12Z","timestamp":1749185232000},"page":"1152-1169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Navigating in Zero-Visibility: A Haptic Guidance System for Improving Egress and Situation Awareness of Professional Firefighters"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2912-3138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Emlyn","family":"Slater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut"},{"name":"Dell Technologies"}]},{"given":"Spencer","family":"Ferris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Renshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut"}]},{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut"}]},{"given":"Garrett","family":"Frady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aggravi M. 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