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Guided by this model, we conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Our review included 197 articles to identify key topics, measurement indicators, and influencing factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review identified three phases in gesture research: an early focus on functionality, followed by performance-oriented studies, and a recent emphasis on user experience. Four key dimensions emerged in the measurement of gestural interaction: efficiency, ease of use, subjective experience, and tolerance degree. At least ten categories (40 factors in total) were found to influence gestural interaction, with factors related to person, interacting target and actions being extensively explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review identifies trends, measures, and influencing factors in gestural interaction research, and utilizes the PATE model to effectively structure the analysis and understanding of gestural interaction processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review provides insights and tools for researchers and designers aiming to enhance user experience in gestural interaction technologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208251359299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T05:57:48Z","timestamp":1753077468000},"page":"42-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["PATE Model: A 30-Year Review and Analysis of Gestural Interaction Research"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Xiaojiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanxiu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong OPPO Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Entong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Astronaut Research and Training Center"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mowei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaifeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3067776"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahlstr\u00f6m D. 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