{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T07:00:55Z","timestamp":1794294055974,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010428","name":"Innovation and Technology Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3.2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study proposes an AI-enhanced modular material selection approach for designing diabetic insoles. By customizing materials for forefoot and heel modules, the method enables personalized support and pressure redistribution, resulting in cost-effective insoles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic foot ulcers occur as a result of elevated plantar pressure and poor foot sensation. To mitigate this risk, developing insoles that redistribute plantar pressure can significantly lower the likelihood of ulcer formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The insole was fabricated using cost-effective silicone molding, with functional personalization achieved via an AI-enhanced approach that selected optimal, interchangeable cushioning materials for forefoot and heel modules of each patient. The design integrates a \u00be-length porous silicone upper layer with regionally optimized materials. Laboratory wear trials involving 23 diabetic patients compared the offloading performance of the hybrid insole (AIO) against barefoot, a PORON\u00ae Medical 4708 insole (PUR), and a cork-EVA insole (EVA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AIO demonstrated a 37.6% reduction in peak plantar pressure compared to barefoot condition while increasing contact area by 36.0% across the plantar surface. It significantly outperformed the commercial insole (EVA) and matched a therapeutic insole (PUR) overall, with superior regional offloading at the heel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study enhances diabetic foot care by combining efficiency of silicone molding with functionally personalized, modular design to achieve superior pressure redistribution. It establishes a paradigm of \u201cmodular personalization\u201d for diabetic insoles, leveraging AI for patient-specific material selection within a standardized, biomechanically optimized geometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings offer practical insights for clinicians and manufacturers seeking scalable, patient-specific solutions for preventing diabetic foot ulcers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208261442810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T14:05:53Z","timestamp":1776521153000},"page":"1325-1340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["AI-Enhanced Modular Material Selection for Patient-Specific Diabetic Insoles via Silicone Molding"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Li-ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University"},{"name":"Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence in Design"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kit-lun","family":"Yick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University"},{"name":"Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence in Design"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun-pui","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12741"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"7132861","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of diabetic foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations in three selected tertiary hospitals in Ghana","volume":"2019","author":"Atosona A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Atosona A., Larbie C. 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