{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T18:58:23Z","timestamp":1785351503547,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We introduce two novel scales to measure two important aspects of motion sickness, dizziness and eye strain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Fast Motion Sickness Scale (FMS) has become a valuable tool to assess motion sickness whenever quick unobtrusive measures need to be taken. It is well-anchored and provides scalable, quantitative data. However, it does not differentiate among symptoms of motion sickness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We discuss the benefits and shortcomings of the FMS as well as other, symptom-based rating scales. We present a taxonomy to assess symptom clusters and illustrate the trade-off between fast global and more detailed measures of motion sickness correlates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We introduced two separate FMS variants, focusing separately on oculomotor discomfort (FMS-O) and dizziness (FMS-D). Observers have successfully used these scales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The novel scales, FMS-D and FMS-O, can summarily capture, in a non-redundant fashion, dizziness and eye strain. For the third cluster, nausea, the original FMS scale remains successful. Together, they capture the main symptom clusters of motion sickness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together with the original FMS, the new scales provide a powerful instrument that can be used to sample feelings of dizziness, eye strain, and nausea at frequent intervals. For instance, taken once per minute, they can efficiently monitor well-being in real time in challenging situations, such as autonomous driving or Virtual Reality applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208261471513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T02:48:54Z","timestamp":1785120534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Fast Motion Sickness Scale Revisited: Introducing Comparable Scales for Dizziness and Oculomotor Strain"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9418-862X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heiko","family":"Hecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5190-4822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Baljan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Processing and Ergonomics (FKIE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7763-5325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behrang","family":"Keshavarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Rehab-University Health Network"},{"name":"Toronto Metropolitan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balk S. 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