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However, performing such tasks in immersive environments remains challenging and calls for intuitive interaction techniques aligned with users\u2019 cognitive processes. Gestures offer a promising approach by allowing users to externalize and manipulate information through bodily actions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using 19 cognitive processes outlined in the revised Bloom\u2019s taxonomy as representative information processing tasks, a gesture elicitation study with 15 participants explored how these tasks could be mapped to hand-based gestures (Study I). The resulting candidate gestures were subsequently validated and evaluated with 20 participants using a combination of objective and subjective measures (Study II).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study I produced an initial set of 32 candidate gestures, which were validated and evaluated in Study II. Four recurring mapping strategies were identified: linguistic-symbolic, spatial-manipulative, metaphoric, and social-conventional mappings. A consolidation model was then introduced to identify a recommended set of 20 gestures based on their performance across multi-dimensional measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information processing tasks can be translated into usable hand-based gestures. Future gesture design should treat information as an interactive entity while carefully considering ergonomics, semantic expressiveness, and gesture similarity to improve usability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Applications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The recommended gestures, mapping strategies, and design considerations can inform the gesture design for immersive systems that involve information processing tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208261480471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:14:06Z","timestamp":1787933646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elicitation and Assessment of Hand-Based Gestures for Information Processing in Immersive Environments"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9306-8471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangyuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edward P. 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