{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:44:17Z","timestamp":1777668257214,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1976,2,1]],"date-time":"1976-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":191980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies suggest that field-dependent drivers may have more accidents than field-independent drivers. However, much more research is needed to specify the nature of the driver behaviors involved. In this report severalhypotheses are considered concerning how field-dependent and field-independent drivers may differ in response to developing emergencies and with respect to defensive behaviors. Methodological problems involved in testing these hypotheses are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/001872087601800106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T22:16:01Z","timestamp":1448403361000},"page":"53-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A Review of Individual Differences in Field Dependence as a Factor in Auto Safety"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Donald R.","family":"Goodenough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-001872087601800106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026013"},{"key":"bibr2-001872087601800106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0025658"},{"key":"bibr3-001872087601800106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0027416"},{"key":"bibr4-001872087601800106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872087101300110"},{"key":"bibr5-001872087601800106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046677"},{"key":"bibr6-001872087601800106","unstructured":"Harano R. M. The relationship between field dependence and motor vehicle accident involvement. Unpublished masters thesis, Sacramento State College, 1963."},{"key":"bibr7-001872087601800106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1970.31.1.272"},{"key":"bibr8-001872087601800106","volume-title":"Perceptual style and traffic accidents.","author":"Jameson R. E.","year":"1971"},{"key":"bibr9-001872087601800106","author":"Mihal W. L.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"bibr10-001872087601800106","first-page":"204","volume":"31","author":"Miller J. W.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Aerospace Medicine"},{"key":"bibr11-001872087601800106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0036519"},{"key":"bibr12-001872087601800106","unstructured":"Testa C. J. The prediction and evaluation of simulator illness symptomatology. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 1969."},{"key":"bibr13-001872087601800106","volume-title":"A factorial study of perception.","author":"Thurstone L. L.","year":"1944"},{"key":"bibr14-001872087601800106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams J. R. A study of the relationships between three-dimensional spatial relations ability and driving performance: A comparison of performance on the three-dimensional embedded figures test and on-the-job driving performance of telephone company drivers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York University, 1971.","DOI":"10.1037\/e611312012-096"},{"key":"bibr15-001872087601800106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0093613"},{"key":"bibr16-001872087601800106","volume-title":"Psychological differentiation: Studies of development.","author":"Witkin H. A.","year":"1974"},{"key":"bibr17-001872087601800106","volume-title":"Personality through perception: An experimental and clinical study.","author":"Witkin H. A.","year":"1972"}],"container-title":["Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/001872087601800106","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/001872087601800106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:49:26Z","timestamp":1777448966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/001872087601800106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/001872087601800106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001872087601800106","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-7208","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-8181","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]}}}