{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T15:39:11Z","timestamp":1777822751117,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,12,1]],"date-time":"1989-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":628473600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lumbar and thoracic spinal angles of 25 male and 25 female subjects were measured in four sitting postures, with standing spinal angles used as reference. Subjects sat with either 90 deg or 65 deg of hip flexion on either flat or forward-sloping seats. Lumbar kyphosis was greatest when the flat seat\/90-deg posture was adopted and least when the sloping seat\/65-deg posture was adopted. The opposite was observed for the thoracic angles, and intermediate results were observed for the other two sitting postures. No statistically significant interactions were observed among seat slope, hip flexion, and subject sex. The findings are discussed with reference to the anatomy of sitting and factors influencing pelvic tilt and the implications for the ergonomic design of chairs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088903100604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]],"date-time":"2017-07-20T03:32:59Z","timestamp":1500521579000},"page":"679-688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effects of Seat Slope and Hip Flexion on Spinal Angles in Sitting"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Bridger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Von Eisenhart-Rothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciel","family":"Henneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(86)90002-1"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"29","volume-title":"The Ergonomics Research Society Proceedings","author":"Akerblom, B.","year":"1954"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(88)90082-8"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977198315109115","volume":"15","author":"Bendix, T.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140136908931055"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"74","volume":"41","author":"Bridger, R. S.","year":"1985","journal-title":"South African Journal of Physiotherapy"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088803000210"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088903100210"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(84)90282-5"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(85)90145-0"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"Floyd, W. F., and Roberts. M. A. (1958).\n                      Anatomical, physiological and anthropometric principles in the design of office chairs and tables\n                      (British Standards Institution, B.S. 3044; available from British Standards House, 2 Park St., London, W1, U.K.)."},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/66.9.1365"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195335030-00007"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"137","author":"Keegan, J. J.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Industrial Medicine and Surgery, April"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Posture and pain","author":"Kendall, H. O.","year":"1967","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(81)90089-2"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088202400301"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Seating: Posture, injuries and furniture","author":"Schoberth, H.","year":"1962"},{"key":"atypb19","first-page":"235","volume":"17","author":"Voutsinas, S. 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