{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:24:55Z","timestamp":1777857895282,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,11]],"date-time":"2016-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Health Serv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In December 2013 the first case of Ebola appeared in Guinea. In September 2014 the United Nations (UN) and its specialized agency the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a call for medical collaboration in response to the medical crisis and social disaster caused by the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. Cuban authorities responded immediately to the call by offering specialized help for the epidemic, in collaboration with WHO. A group of 256 Cuban doctors, nurses and other health professionals provided direct care during the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Equatorial Guinea from October 2014 to April 2015. This paper explains the main features of the Cuban health system, describes the development of Cuba's international medical cooperation approach, and highlights the work done by Cuban health collaborators in addressing the damage caused by the Ebola epidemic. Information used includes reports and documents of the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba, reports of WHO and PAHO, and articles published in scientific journals and newspaper articles. The response of the Cuban medical teams to the Ebola epidemic in West Africa is only one example of the Cuban efforts to strengthening health care provision in areas of need throughout the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0020731416681892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]],"date-time":"2016-12-12T02:25:15Z","timestamp":1481509515000},"page":"134-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Cuban Response to the Ebola Epidemic in West Africa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Enrique Beldarra\u00edn","family":"Chaple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Anne","family":"Mercer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0020731416681892","unstructured":"WHO Report: One year into the Ebola epidemic. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/ebola\/one-year-report\/introduction\/en\/. Published January 2015. Accessed September 2015."},{"key":"bibr2-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Sitio sobre \u00c9bola, Infomed. OMS. http:\/\/temas.sld.cu\/ebola\/. Accessed September 2015."},{"key":"bibr3-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Instituto de Historia de Cuba. La colonia, evoluci\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica y formaci\u00f3n nacional, de los or\u00edgenes hasta 1867. La Habana, Editora Pol\u00edtica, 1994."},{"key":"bibr4-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Beldarra\u00edn Chaple E.\n                      Apuntes sobre la medicina en Cuba. Historia y publicaciones (chapter 5)\n                      . La Habana: ECIMED, 2005."},{"key":"bibr5-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica. Anuario Estad\u00edstico 2013. La Habana: Editorial Ecimed; 2014."},{"key":"bibr6-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica. Anuario Estad\u00edstico 2014. La Habana, Editorial Ecimed; 2015."},{"key":"bibr7-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Rojas Ochoa F. (Compilador). Vacunas Cuba 1959\u20132008. La Habana: ECIMED; 2011."},{"key":"bibr8-0020731416681892","first-page":"257","volume":"25","author":"Beldarra\u00edn Chaple E","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dynamis Acta Hisp Med Sci Hist Ilust"},{"key":"bibr9-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Delgado Garc\u00eda G. La salud p\u00fablica en Cuba durante el periodo colonial espa\u00f1ol. Conferencia Cinco. La Habana: Cuaderno de Historia de la Salud P\u00fablica No. 81; 1996."},{"key":"bibr10-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica. Carpeta Metodol\u00f3gica de Atenci\u00f3n primaria de Salud y Medicina Familiar. La Habana: Ecimed. http:\/\/files.sld.cu\/sida\/files\/2012\/01\/carpeta.pdf. Published 2001. Accessed January 2013."},{"key":"bibr11-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Beldarra\u00edn Chaple E. \u00bfEstudia el proceso salud \u2013 enfermedad la antropolog\u00eda m\u00e9dica Cubana? M\u00e9xico, D.F.\n                      Rev Cuicuilco\n                      . 2009;16(46):55\u201370."},{"key":"bibr12-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez, MM. La vejez que pesa sobre los j\u00f3venes. Juventud Rebelde. Diario de la Juventud cubana, 31 de Mayo. Disponible en. http:\/\/www.juventudrebelde.cu\/cuba\/2015-05-31\/la-vejez-que-pesa-sobre-los-jovenes\/. Published 2015. Accessed January 2015."},{"key":"bibr13-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Oficina Nacional de Estad\u00edsticas (O.N.E.). Censo de poblaci\u00f3n y Viviendas. Cuba, 2012, La Habana. 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La solidaridad m\u00e9dica cubana desde la perspectiva del Programa Integral de Salud, 1998\u20132015.\n                      Revistas Medicas Cubanas\n                      2013\n                      .\n                      http:\/\/bvs.sld.cu\/revistas\/spi\/vol03_1_12\/spi032013.htm. Accessed November 11, 2016."},{"key":"bibr19-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Morales I. Formaci\u00f3n de recursos humanos en salud para el Tercer Mundo. Estrategia de Cuba. En\n                      Memorias del Encuentro Universidad Latinoamericana y Salud de la Poblaci\u00f3n. Retos y desaf\u00edos para el siglo XXI.\n                      La Habana, Noviembre 2000. 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Ciudad de Camag\u00fcey Sep.Dic. http:\/\/scielo.sld.cu\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1727-81202006000300004&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es. Accessed August 2015."},{"key":"bibr23-0020731416681892","unstructured":"An\u00f3nimo. Cuba envi\u00f3 m\u00e9dicos a Guatemala y ofrece ayuda a Pakist\u00e1n.\n                      Granma Internacional\n                      2005, Relief Web. http:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/pakistan\/cuba-envi%C3%B3-m%C3%A9dicos-guatemala-y-los-ofrece-pakist%C3%A1n. Accessed July 15, 2015."},{"key":"bibr24-0020731416681892","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez Roque F. Intervenci\u00f3n del Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de la Rep\u00fablica de Cuba, bajo el tema 18 de la agenda de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, \u201cNecesidad de poner fin al bloqueo econ\u00f3mico, comercial y financiero impuesto por los Estados Unidos de Am\u00e9rica contra Cuba\u201d. Nueva York, Noviembre 8, 2006."},{"key":"bibr25-0020731416681892","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez Betancourt R. Contingente Henry Reeve, triunfo de la vida sobre la muerte.\n                      Agencia Cubana de Noticias, Divisi\u00f3n de la Agencia de Informaci\u00f3n ACN\n                      , La Habana. http:\/\/www.acn.cu\/2006\/septiembre\/01edcontingente.htm. Published 2006. Accessed July 15, 2016."},{"key":"bibr26-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Saab Tarek W. (2006).\n                      Los ni\u00f1os del infortunio. Memorias de la Misi\u00f3n M\u00e9dica Cubana en Pakist\u00e1n\n                      . La Habana: Ediciones Plaza."},{"key":"bibr27-0020731416681892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020731415606554"},{"key":"bibr28-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Ubieta E. Guinea Conakry. Las dimensiones del \u00c9bola.\n                      Juventud Rebelde\n                      , La Habana, Abril 5, 2015. https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=Guinea+Conakry.+Las+dimensiones+del++%C3%89bola&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8. Accessed July 15, 2015."},{"key":"bibr29-0020731416681892","unstructured":"La OMS cifr\u00f3 en m\u00e1s de 20 mil los casos de \u00c9bola al cierre de 2014. http:\/\/www.cubadebate.cu\/noticias\/2015\/01\/01\/la-oms-cifro-en-mas-de-20-mil-los-casos-de-ebola-al-cierre-de-2014\/#.VRkl-450G1s. Accessed August 2015."},{"key":"bibr30-0020731416681892","unstructured":"WHO.\n                      Ebola Situation Report, 15 April 2015\n                      . Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2015."},{"key":"bibr31-0020731416681892","unstructured":"An\u00f3nimo. 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Regresaron todos los m\u00e9dicos y enfermeros que combatieron el virus del \u00c9bola en Sierra Leona.\n                      Cubadebate.\n                      Abril 2, 2015. http:\/\/www.cubadebate.cu\/noticias\/2015\/01\/02. Accessed August 2015."},{"key":"bibr36-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Vazquez M. Ya est\u00e1n en Cuba colaboradores de la salud que combatieron el \u00c9bola.\n                      Cubadebate.\n                      Marzo 23, 2015. http:\/\/www.cubadebate.cu\/fotorreportajes\/2015\/03\/23\/ya-estan-en-cuba-colaboradores-de-la-salud-que-combatieron-el-ebola\/. Accessed April 2015."},{"key":"bibr37-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Ubieta E. Regresan a Cuba m\u00e9dicos que combatieron el \u00c9bola en \u00c1frica.\n                      Cubadebate\n                      . Marzo 22, 2015. http:\/\/www.cubadebate.cu\/noticias\/2015\/03\/22\/regresan-a-cuba-medicos-que-c8mbatieron-el-ebola-en-africa\/#.VSUZ7yxMHwc. Accessed April 16, 2015."},{"key":"bibr38-0020731416681892","unstructured":"Francisco I, Elizalde RM. F\u00e9lix B\u00e1ez regresar\u00e1 a Sierra Leona: \u201cYo termino lo que empec\u00e9.\n                      Cubadebate.\n                      Diciembre 6, 2014. http:\/\/www.cubadebate.cu\/noticias\/2014\/12\/06\/felix-baez-regresara-a-sierra-leona-yo-termino-lo-que-empece\/#.VSUa5yxMHwc. Accessed April 16, 2015."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Health Services"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0020731416681892","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0020731416681892","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0020731416681892","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:03:28Z","timestamp":1777507408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0020731416681892"}},"subtitle":["Lessons in Solidarity"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0020731416681892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0020731416681892","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7314","1541-4469"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7314","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-4469","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,11]]}}}