{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T06:08:15Z","timestamp":1788588495051,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Health Serv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Occupational health and safety is poorly served by United Nations agencies designated to protect workers: the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labor Organization (ILO). The neoliberal programs initially adopted by the United Nations supported institutions of social protection and regulation and expanded worker protections and union growth. Neoliberalism later became synonymous with globalism and shared in its international success. The fundamental change under neoliberalism was the exchange and accumulation of capital. The major beneficiaries of neoliberalism, at the expense of workers, were large transnational corporations and wealthy investors. During this period, WHO and ILO activities in support of workers declined. As neoliberalism ultimately became neoconservatism, occupational health and safety was purposely ignored, and labor was treated with hostility. Neoliberalism had evolved into a harsh economic system detrimental to labor and labor rights. The United Nations is now in decline, taking with it the trivial WHO and ILO programs. Replacements for the WHO and ILO programs must be developed. It is not enough to call for renewed funding, given the United Nations\u2019 failure to direct the global effort to protect workers. A new direction must be found.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0020731420917912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T00:07:05Z","timestamp":1586563625000},"page":"314-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A World of False Promises: International Labour Organization, World Health Organization, and the Plea of Workers Under Neoliberalism"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3909-4660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"LaDou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, Aspen, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0020731420917912","volume-title":"Act of Creation: The Founding of the United Nations","author":"Schlesinger SC.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr2-0020731420917912","unstructured":"Meisler S. United Nations: The First Fifty Years.  New York, NY:  The Atlantic Monthly Press; 1995: 223\u2013224."},{"key":"bibr3-0020731420917912","volume-title":"The Hell of Good Intentions: America\u2019s Foreign Policy Elite and the Decline of U.S. Primacy","volume":"45","author":"Walt SM.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr4-0020731420917912","unstructured":"Paul J. The United Nations and global social-economic policy: global Keynesianism for a new era.\n                      Global Policy Forum\n                      . https:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/social-and-economic-policy\/social-and-economic-policy-at-the-un\/reform-of-ecosoc-and-the-social-and-economic-policy-process-at-the-un\/47425.html. Published 1996. Accessed July 13, 2019."},{"key":"bibr5-0020731420917912","volume-title":"Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader","author":"Saad-Filho A","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr6-0020731420917912","volume-title":". 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Expert reference group on the draft GPW 13 impact framework 2019-2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/about\/what-we-do\/thirteenth-general-programme-of-work-2019-2023. Published 2018. Accessed July 7, 2019."},{"key":"bibr21-0020731420917912","unstructured":"International Labor Organization. Introducing the World Day for Safety and Health at Work 2019. Safety and health and the future of work\u201428 April 2019. https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/safework\/events\/safeday\/WCMS_673988\/lang-en\/index.htm. Accessed July 9, 2019."},{"key":"bibr22-0020731420917912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6704"},{"key":"bibr23-0020731420917912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0422-x"},{"key":"bibr24-0020731420917912","unstructured":"Workplace Safety and Health Institute. Global estimates of occupational accidents and work-related illnesses. https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=Workplace+Safety+and+Health+Institute.+2017.+Global+estimates+of+occupational+accidents+and+work-related+illnesses. Published 2017. Accessed March 20, 2019."},{"key":"bibr25-0020731420917912","first-page":"43","volume":"20","author":"Macnaughton G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Hum Rights"},{"key":"bibr26-0020731420917912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/70BE-TJ0Q-P7WJ-2ELU"},{"key":"bibr27-0020731420917912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30198-5"},{"key":"bibr28-0020731420917912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7660.2008.00484.x"},{"key":"bibr29-0020731420917912","unstructured":"Bradford CI.\n                      Global governance for the 21st century\n                      . The Brookings Institution. https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/global-governance-for-the-21st-century\/. 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The demise of the nation state.\n                      The Guardian\n                      , April 5, 2018. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/news\/2018\/apr\/05\/demise-of-the-nation-state-rana-dasgupta. Accessed July 3, 2019."},{"key":"bibr42-0020731420917912","unstructured":"Miles T. Our standards: the Thomson Reuters trust principles. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-un-economy\/u-n-calls-for-global-economic-makeover-to-replace-neo-liberalism-idUSKCN1BP2IR. Published September 14, 2017. 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