{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T19:06:33Z","timestamp":1777748793546,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]],"date-time":"2011-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Soc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore and describe the subjective experiences of agoraphobia in Hong Kong Chinese.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, using a combined qualitative\u2013quantitative approach. In the qualitative part, two focus groups were held with nine participants suffering from DSM-IV panic disorder with agoraphobia, followed up in a regional hospital in Hong Kong. The audiotaped material was transcribed and analysed into four main categories and 13 subcategories based on a grounded theory approach. One subcategory (\u2018Fear of making others worried and being a burden to others\u2019) was identified as a novel, culture-specific concept in agoraphobia that was not reported in Western literature. In the quantitative part, this subcategory was redefined and measured by a two-item, self-rated questionnaire survey in another 35 participants suffering from DSM-IV defined panic disorder with agoraphobia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Qualitative data showed that the clinical manifestations of agoraphobia were specifically related to the underlying corresponding catastrophic cognitions. An individual\u2019s agoraphobic cognitions and symptoms were highly related to the identity of the surrounding people during panic attacks in agoraphobic situations, which reflected the characteristic structure of the Chinese interpersonal network. Participants preferred reliance on self to cope with the anxiety first, then turned to their family members for help due to higher interpersonal trust. Participants also expressed fear of affecting others due to their illness. A new sub-theme of agoraphobia (\u2018Fear of making others worried and being a burden to others\u2019) was extracted from the qualitative data. Its validity was confirmed by the quantitative description of this new theme using a self-rated questionnaire as a methodological triangulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: The central theme to emerge from the qualitative data was that agoraphobia is a clinical condition that has a close relationship to Chinese cultural factors. \u2018Fear of making others worried and being a burden to others\u2019 is a new concept in agoraphobia worthy of further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764010387550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]],"date-time":"2011-01-10T21:11:03Z","timestamp":1294693863000},"page":"153-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationship of cognitions and symptoms of agoraphobia in Hong Kong Chinese: A combined quantitative and qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Lung Kit","family":"Hui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Consultant (Psychiatry), Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger M.K.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant (Psychiatry), Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lui","family":"Pau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident Specialist, Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.C.","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatrist in private practice, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820140051005"},{"key":"bibr2-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(91)90105-4"},{"key":"bibr3-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.12.1697"},{"key":"bibr4-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210444000151"},{"key":"bibr5-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452230153"},{"key":"bibr6-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210444000034"},{"key":"bibr7-0020764010387550","volume-title":"The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Method","author":"Denzin N.K.","year":"1978","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr8-0020764010387550","volume-title":"From the Soil: The Foundations of Chinese Society","author":"Fei X.","year":"1948"},{"key":"bibr9-0020764010387550","volume-title":"Treating Complex Cases: The Cognitive Behavioural Approach","author":"Hackmann A.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr10-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/GNTP.165.1.37-50"},{"key":"bibr11-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465806002980"},{"key":"bibr12-0020764010387550","volume-title":"Culture\u2019s Consequences, Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations","author":"Hofstede G.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr13-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2392366"},{"key":"bibr14-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v58n0403"},{"key":"bibr15-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.4.415"},{"key":"bibr16-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31816a4952"},{"key":"bibr17-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"bibr18-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01807017"},{"key":"bibr19-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110026004"},{"key":"bibr20-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.98.2.224"},{"key":"bibr21-0020764010387550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2392365"},{"key":"bibr22-0020764010387550","unstructured":"Oei T.P.S., Hodges J. 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