{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:38:36Z","timestamp":1790512716426,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Soc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this article is to provide a narrative literature review of the \u2018third gender\u2019 phenomenon in Brazil ( Travestis), India ( Hijras) and Mexico ( Muxes), considering the social stigma, the legal and health aspects of these identities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These three groups share similar experiences of stigmatisation, marginalisation, sexual abuse, HIV infection, infringement of civil rights and harassment accessing health services. Brazil, India and Mexico public services for the third gender conditions are still very scarce and inadequate for the heavy demand from potential users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although all three countries have used legislation to promote provision of comprehensive healthcare services for third gender, there is still strong resistance to implementation of such laws and policies. Brazil, India and Mexico face a huge challenge to become countries where all human rights are respected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764017706989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T03:01:36Z","timestamp":1496026896000},"page":"389-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Social stigma, legal and public health barriers faced by the third gender phenomena in Brazil, India and Mexico:\n                    <i>Travestis, hijras<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>muxes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Diehl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise Leite","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina Milograna","family":"Zaneti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Fanganiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratap","family":"Sharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, Ministry of Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1\u00edz, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jair","family":"de Jesus Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0020764017706989","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-279"},{"key":"bibr2-0020764017706989","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-11042013000300016"},{"key":"bibr3-0020764017706989","unstructured":"Aquino E. 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