{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T19:23:07Z","timestamp":1777749787660,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Soc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lack of 6-year follow-up studies that test the effect of recreational activities in the recovery of social phobia and shyness symptoms is the reason to conduct this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose is to follow the effect of the 12-week recreational activity program found to eliminate social phobia and shyness symptoms after the completion of university studies in its sixth year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the end of the 12-week recreational activity program that treats the symptoms of social phobia and shyness in university prep school students, 83 students who participated in the posttest both from intervention and control groups were invited to the study. In the sixth-year follow-up study, a total of 51 voluntary students \u2013 32 from the intervention group and 19 from the control group \u2013 were administered the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Shyness Scale and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When the pretests and the sixth-year scores are compared, it is seen that it still has an improving effect on social phobia and shyness; when the posttests and the sixth-year tests are compared, no difference is seen regarding social phobia whereas it is seen that recovery still continues regarding the symptoms of shyness, and a decrease is seen in self-esteem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the improving effect of recreational activities on shyness and social phobia symptoms still continues, their effect on self-esteem decreases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is suggested that recreational activities should be included in the programs at universities regarding personal and professional development, and the reasons for the decrease in self-esteem scores should be determined through more detailed studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020924702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T04:43:51Z","timestamp":1590986631000},"page":"553-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sixth-year follow-up of the effects of recreational activities found to eliminate the symptoms of social phobia and shyness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1974-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Karag\u00fcn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Department of Recreation, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0769-1628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c7i\u011fdem","family":"\u00c7a\u011flayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zekiye","family":"Ba\u015faran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0020764020924702","volume-title":"An evaluation of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention program aiming to decrease social anxiety symptoms in adolescents","author":"Ayd\u0131n A.","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr2-0020764020924702","first-page":"235","volume":"10","author":"Balc\u0131 S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"3P Journal of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"bibr3-0020764020924702","first-page":"124","volume-title":"Coping with stress: A positive approach","author":"Brody J. 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Examination of shyness and self-esteem of high school students from the point of view of dysfunctional attitude. The Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 21, 239\u2013247. http:\/\/dergisosyalbil.selcuk.edu.tr\/susbed\/article\/view\/321\/303"},{"key":"bibr11-0020764020924702","first-page":"139","volume":"11","author":"Karag\u00fcn E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr12-0020764020924702","volume":"19","author":"Larun L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"bibr13-0020764020924702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200107000-00012"},{"key":"bibr14-0020764020924702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-011-9148-4"},{"key":"bibr15-0020764020924702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1995.76.2.395"},{"key":"bibr16-0020764020924702","unstructured":"Peters N. (2017, August 25). 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