{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:02:44Z","timestamp":1790776964342,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Soc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Persons with schizophrenia are vulnerable regarding human rights violations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this research is to systematically analyse judgements by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) involving persons with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A systematic search of judgements by the ECtHR, using the search term \u2018schizophrenia\u2019. Descriptive statistics and a qualitative thematic analysis were performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n A total of n\u2009=\u2009105 judgements were included, originating in n\u2009=\u200929 countries. Article 5 (Right to liberty and security) of the European Convention on Human Rights was ruled by the ECtHR to have been violated in 45.7% of judgements, Article 3 (Prohibition of torture) in 20.0% and Article 8 (Right to respect for private and family life) in 19.0%. Relevant themes were inadequate access to mental health care, especially in prisons and during police operations, involuntary confinement, detention and ill-treatment as a risk factor for psychosis, the right to family life versus the rights of others, extradition\/expulsion and protection of other persons\u2019 human rights against violent behaviour by persons with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n Persons with schizophrenia often do not receive adequate treatment and are especially vulnerable in prisons, where ill-treatment can be an additional risk factor. They can have both offender and victim status. The judgements suggest that the ECtHR has a balanced view on involuntary confinement. National legislation and internal hospital guidelines should be written in a manner to help minimise human rights violations against persons with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020942797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T07:46:12Z","timestamp":1594971972000},"page":"168-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Schizophrenia, human rights and access to health care: A systematic search and review of judgements by the European Court of Human Rights"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5491-5925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz E","family":"Wigand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University and BKH G\u00fcnzburg, G\u00fcnzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4244-7989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Orzechowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University and BKH G\u00fcnzburg, G\u00fcnzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Steger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0020764020942797","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2008.08.005"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr2-0020764020942797","first-page":"19","volume":"11","author":"Burns J. K.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health and Human Rights"},{"key":"bibr3-0020764020942797","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-36"},{"key":"bibr4-0020764020942797","unstructured":"European Court of Human Rights, Council of Europe. (1950\/2013). European convention on human rights. https:\/\/www.echr.coe.int\/Documents\/Convention_ENG.pdf"},{"key":"bibr5-0020764020942797","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000120"},{"key":"bibr6-0020764020942797","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(99)00039-4"},{"key":"bibr7-0020764020942797","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743717746666"},{"key":"bibr8-0020764020942797","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl058"},{"key":"bibr9-0020764020942797","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20601"},{"key":"bibr10-0020764020942797","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2013-101761"},{"key":"bibr11-0020764020942797","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz115"},{"key":"bibr12-0020764020942797","unstructured":"United Nations. (1948). Universal declaration of human rights. https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/universal-declaration-human-rights\/"},{"key":"bibr13-0020764020942797","unstructured":"United Nations. (2006). Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. https:\/\/www.un.org\/ga\/search\/view_doc.asp?symbol=A\/RES\/61\/106"},{"key":"bibr14-0020764020942797","unstructured":"United Nations, Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. (2014). Statement on article 14 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15183"},{"key":"bibr15-0020764020942797","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12048"},{"key":"bibr16-0020764020942797","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp119"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0020764020942797","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0020764020942797","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0020764020942797","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:53:28Z","timestamp":1777463608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0020764020942797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0020764020942797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0020764020942797","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7640","1741-2854"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7640","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2854","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]}}}