{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:13:54Z","timestamp":1787314434580,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Soc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hikikomori, a clinical condition widely studied in Japan, is receiving increasing attention in Western Countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to create a new instrument for evaluating the risk of Hikikomori in both Eastern and Western countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through two studies on Italian adolescents, youths, and adults ( n\u2009=\u20091,285) and a study on Japanese youths and adults ( n\u2009=\u2009392), we analyzed the psychometric properties of the Hikikomori Risk Inventory (HRI-24).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found support, in both the Italian and Japanese samples, for the good and stable factor structure of the scale (CFI\u2009=\u20090.94, RMSEA\u2009=\u20090.057 for both the adult samples), as well as for its convergent and divergent validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The HRI-24 might be used in future studies in both Western and Eastern countries to shed light on the features of this clinical disorder in different cultures. This will allow the development of culture-sensitive preventive and clinical interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020975800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T01:00:35Z","timestamp":1606352435000},"page":"90-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Hikikomori Risk Inventory (HRI-24): A new instrument for evaluating Hikikomori in both Eastern and Western countries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5878-6769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yura","family":"Loscalzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Nannicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Licensed Psychologist, Arezzo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Ting","family":"Huai-Ching Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0020764020975800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.03.016"},{"key":"bibr2-0020764020975800","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"Aguglia E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano Di Psicopatologia"},{"key":"bibr3-0020764020975800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(02)00244-1"},{"key":"bibr4-0020764020975800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588"},{"key":"bibr5-0020764020975800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.03.021"},{"key":"bibr6-0020764020975800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evopsy.2016.11.005"},{"key":"bibr7-0020764020975800","first-page":"354","volume":"48","author":"De Michele F.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rivista di Psichiatria"},{"key":"bibr8-0020764020975800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12230"},{"key":"bibr9-0020764020975800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-954X.2008.00790.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0020764020975800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4992\/jjpsy.60.180"},{"key":"bibr11-0020764020975800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1157\/13109125"},{"key":"bibr12-0020764020975800","volume-title":"A nagging sense of job insecurity: The new reality facing Japanese Youth","author":"Genda Y.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr13-0020764020975800","first-page":"1463","volume-title":"The Wiley encyclopedia of personality and individual differences","author":"Giannini M.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr14-0020764020975800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amp.2011.10.005"},{"key":"bibr15-0020764020975800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J189v04n03_01"},{"key":"bibr16-0020764020975800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(01)00032-0"},{"key":"bibr17-0020764020975800","unstructured":"Istituto Nazionale di Statistica \u2013 Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). 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