{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T09:16:29Z","timestamp":1781774189525,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Soc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emerging literature suggests the role of social media in substance use disorders (SUD). This study aimed to explore the content of YouTube videos for persons on SUD treatment\/recovery, describing the users\u2019 exposure and engagement metrics and understanding viewers\u2019 perspectives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We generated a set of 10 key phrases to search on YouTube. Eighty eligible videos were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. Content analysis of all videos and thematic analysis of 30 videos were done using the three most viewed videos from each key phrase. The reliability of videos was assessed using a modified DISCERN. The total number of views, likes, dislikes, and comments were noted and created engagement metrics. The linguistic analysis of viewers\u2019 comments was done to assess their perspectives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-three (78.8%) videos were from the US, and 59 (73.8%) were intended for persons or families with substance misuse. Persons in recovery uploaded 23 (28.7%) videos. We identified five themes \u2013 reasons for using drugs, symptoms of addiction, consequences of drug use, how to stop drug use, and expressed tone in the language. The positivity and relative positivity ratios were highest for videos developed by persons in recovery. There was a negative correlation between the relative positivity ratio and content fostering internalized stigma. Words with negative emotional experiences dominated the viewers\u2019 comments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>YouTube content on SUD treatment and recovery is popular and revolves around the biopsychosocial understanding of addiction. There is an urgent need for a language policy and regulation of non-scientific content.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640231190304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T06:59:08Z","timestamp":1693465148000},"page":"2097-2109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Analysis of YouTube content on substance use disorder treatment and recovery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Sonika","family":"Raj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Masters Programme, School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0988-7694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabaresh","family":"Pandiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-7129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devika","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonu","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.787994"},{"key":"bibr2-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9172"},{"key":"bibr3-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-009-9130-7"},{"key":"bibr4-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3317697.3323355"},{"key":"bibr5-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108152"},{"key":"bibr6-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2015.12.12"},{"key":"bibr7-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806"},{"key":"bibr8-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2015.76.635"},{"key":"bibr9-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-016-0669-9"},{"key":"bibr10-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa113"},{"key":"bibr11-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082452"},{"key":"bibr12-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35063-4_40"},{"key":"bibr13-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5408"},{"key":"bibr14-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4762.2010.00952.x"},{"key":"bibr15-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00218.x"},{"key":"bibr16-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13642"},{"key":"bibr17-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20457"},{"key":"bibr18-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30337-7"},{"key":"bibr19-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2022.2037497"},{"key":"bibr20-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9355"},{"key":"bibr21-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261309"},{"key":"bibr22-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000138"},{"key":"bibr23-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2009.10.010"},{"key":"bibr24-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq304"},{"key":"bibr25-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000551"},{"key":"bibr26-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0094"},{"key":"bibr27-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.017"},{"key":"bibr28-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.010"},{"key":"bibr29-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15424"},{"key":"bibr30-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-012-9323-4"},{"key":"bibr31-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/medinform.3783"},{"key":"bibr32-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15357"},{"key":"bibr33-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.03.004"},{"key":"bibr34-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12115"},{"key":"bibr35-00207640231190304","volume-title":"Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change","author":"Miller W. S.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr36-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.1.77"},{"key":"bibr37-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.180"},{"key":"bibr38-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1CAIS.02428"},{"key":"bibr39-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2017.78.654"},{"key":"bibr40-00207640231190304","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"bibr41-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.08.230"},{"key":"bibr42-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj9100120"},{"key":"bibr43-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2011.570628"},{"key":"bibr44-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109147"},{"key":"bibr45-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2021.82.615"},{"key":"bibr46-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111114"},{"key":"bibr47-00207640231190304","volume-title":"Facing addiction in America: The surgeon general\u2019s report on alcohol, drugs, and health","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, &amp; Office of the Surgeon General","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr48-00207640231190304","first-page":"392","volume":"3","author":"Usha M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology"},{"key":"bibr49-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01069-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr50-00207640231190304","first-page":"177","volume":"6","author":"Wang P. S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr51-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743716675856"},{"key":"bibr52-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112950"},{"key":"bibr53-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437221082854"},{"key":"bibr54-00207640231190304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-020-00288-0"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00207640231190304","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00207640231190304","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00207640231190304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:55:10Z","timestamp":1777463710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00207640231190304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00207640231190304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00207640231190304","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7640","1741-2854"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7640","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2854","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]}}}